Asset Class Returns

Annual Asset Class Returns

The table below contains the annual asset class returns computed from the monthly returns. Please refer to the FAQ links for more information on the asset class returns data.

Historical Asset Class Returns

Year Inflation US Stock Market US Large Cap US Large Cap Value US Large Cap Growth US Mid Cap US Mid Cap Value US Mid Cap Growth US Small Cap US Small Cap Value US Small Cap Growth US Micro Cap Global ex-US Stock Market Intl Developed ex-US Market International ex-US Small Cap International ex-US Value European Stocks Pacific Stocks Emerging Markets Cash Short Term Treasury Intermediate Term Treasury 10-year Treasury Long Term Treasury Total US Bond Market TIPS Global Bonds (Unhedged) Global Bonds (USD Hedged) Short-Term Investment Grade Corporate Bonds Long-Term Corporate Bonds High Yield Corporate Bonds Short-Term Tax-Exempt Intermediate-Term Tax-Exempt Long-Term Tax-Exempt REIT Gold Precious Metals Commodities
1972 3.41% 17.62% 18.95% 15.32% 22.97% 8.02% 11.94% 4.29% 8.66% 11.15% 6.36% 1.01% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 4.13% N/A 2.72% 2.35% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 49.02% N/A N/A
1973 8.71% -18.18% -16.18% -9.79% -23.09% -24.20% -13.77% -32.96% -32.85% -24.12% -40.26% -39.86% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.17% N/A 4.47% 3.29% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 72.96% N/A N/A
1974 12.34% -27.81% -26.93% -21.13% -32.34% -26.34% -19.80% -32.64% -27.59% -21.09% -33.72% -24.56% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 8.14% N/A 5.70% 4.05% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A -2.27% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 66.15% N/A N/A
1975 6.94% 37.82% 36.95% 40.67% 33.10% 48.69% 56.79% 41.95% 55.13% 53.94% 56.63% 67.55% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.09% N/A 7.36% 5.52% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 9.95% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A -24.80% N/A N/A
1976 4.86% 26.47% 24.18% 33.32% 14.85% 36.67% 46.79% 26.54% 45.33% 54.78% 36.40% 49.27% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 5.19% N/A 13.75% 15.29% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 15.35% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A -4.10% N/A N/A
1977 6.70% -3.36% -7.84% -3.31% -8.66% 1.30% 5.24% -2.12% 15.67% 15.88% 15.36% 29.31% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 5.34% 2.91% 1.04% 0.53% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 4.98% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 22.64% N/A N/A
1978 9.02% 8.45% 5.87% 6.37% 7.11% 8.97% 9.05% 8.80% 17.74% 19.25% 16.60% 28.81% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.45% 3.35% 1.15% -0.74% -1.55% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2.05% N/A 2.31% -4.65% 5.93% N/A 37.01% N/A N/A
1979 13.29% 24.25% 18.05% 23.22% 17.44% 31.48% 29.84% 33.07% 41.02% 37.80% 45.21% 46.92% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 10.49% 8.08% 5.35% 1.83% -2.10% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A -0.77% 5.57% 4.78% -1.58% -2.97% N/A 126.55% N/A N/A
1980 12.52% 33.15% 31.92% 31.75% 35.59% 30.76% 17.60% 45.25% 35.78% 25.77% 46.32% 41.43% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 12.15% 8.81% 2.88% -1.29% -4.99% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 4.66% 3.16% 5.30% -10.35% -16.00% N/A 15.19% N/A N/A
1981 8.92% -4.15% -5.21% -1.48% -6.20% 4.10% 10.20% -1.74% 4.36% 15.69% -5.82% -3.30% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 15.29% 14.26% 9.41% 5.28% 0.65% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 8.55% 9.29% 8.30% -7.40% -11.15% N/A -32.60% N/A N/A
1982 3.83% 20.50% 20.97% 25.08% 20.33% 25.21% 29.36% 20.52% 29.27% 36.87% 22.36% 27.91% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 11.45% 22.12% 31.13% 39.57% 47.10% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 28.68% 27.09% 10.15% 31.07% 38.56% N/A 14.94% N/A N/A
1983 3.79% 22.66% 21.29% 25.44% 16.92% 27.11% 32.69% 22.32% 31.64% 42.61% 20.54% 39.70% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 9.03% 8.00% 5.22% 2.30% -1.29% N/A N/A N/A N/A 9.11% N/A 6.98% 15.87% 5.06% 6.48% 9.49% N/A -16.31% N/A N/A
1984 3.95% 2.19% 6.21% 11.43% 1.56% -1.74% 2.54% -5.70% -4.26% 5.69% -13.51% -6.51% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 10.17% 14.01% 15.01% 14.87% 16.24% N/A N/A N/A N/A 14.23% N/A 14.67% 7.74% 6.80% 9.53% 8.55% N/A -19.38% N/A N/A
1985 3.80% 31.27% 31.23% 32.93% 33.57% 32.79% 32.31% 33.13% 33.70% 37.46% 31.17% 24.40% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.88% 13.83% 22.24% 29.85% 36.90% N/A N/A N/A N/A 14.90% N/A 21.66% 21.99% 6.95% 17.33% 20.77% N/A 6.00% -5.03% N/A
1986 1.10% 14.57% 18.06% 19.70% 16.96% 17.12% 18.13% 16.01% 9.77% 13.99% 5.71% 6.90% 63.38% 63.38% N/A N/A 40.96% 83.80% N/A 6.28% 10.35% 15.10% 21.35% 30.87% N/A N/A N/A N/A 11.42% N/A 14.34% 16.86% 7.39% 16.21% 19.38% N/A 18.96% 49.88% N/A
1987 4.43% 2.61% 4.71% 2.11% 6.44% 0.84% -0.98% 2.64% -6.42% -3.51% -9.10% -9.36% 30.48% 30.48% N/A N/A 7.06% 43.55% N/A 5.93% 4.78% 1.55% -2.64% -2.92% 1.54% N/A N/A N/A 4.45% N/A 0.20% 2.65% 4.11% 1.64% -4.25% N/A 24.53% 38.73% N/A
1988 4.42% 17.32% 16.22% 20.16% 13.21% 19.44% 24.96% 14.37% 23.78% 29.00% 18.42% 22.84% 25.66% 25.66% N/A N/A 13.69% 30.52% N/A 6.80% 5.67% 5.26% 6.90% 9.15% 7.35% N/A N/A N/A 6.95% N/A 9.70% 13.56% 5.61% 10.00% 12.24% N/A -15.26% -14.19% N/A
1989 4.65% 28.12% 31.36% 26.89% 35.83% 26.00% 24.92% 27.09% 19.41% 19.21% 19.62% 10.16% 12.85% 12.85% N/A N/A 28.18% 7.23% N/A 8.61% 11.48% 14.52% 17.84% 17.93% 13.64% N/A N/A N/A 11.45% N/A 15.18% 1.89% 7.08% 10.00% 9.79% N/A -2.84% 30.40% N/A
1990 6.11% -6.08% -3.32% -7.02% 1.54% -10.73% -16.75% -4.02% -18.13% -19.05% -14.26% -21.56% -24.79% -24.79% N/A N/A -3.87% -33.87% N/A 7.89% 9.92% 9.46% 7.70% 5.78% 8.65% N/A N/A N/A 9.23% N/A 6.21% -5.85% 6.57% 7.20% 5.02% N/A -3.11% -19.86% N/A
1991 3.06% 32.39% 30.22% 23.78% 44.61% 40.44% 41.56% 39.35% 45.26% 42.96% 49.22% 44.26% 9.48% 9.48% N/A N/A 12.40% 10.78% N/A 5.71% 11.49% 15.97% 18.91% 17.43% 15.25% N/A N/A N/A 13.08% N/A 20.90% 29.01% 7.20% 12.16% 11.47% N/A -8.56% 4.37% N/A
1992 2.90% 9.11% 7.42% 15.48% 6.61% 15.19% 19.50% 10.79% 18.20% 28.23% 10.18% 23.48% -14.79% -14.79% N/A N/A -3.32% -18.17% N/A 3.57% 6.75% 7.78% 7.23% 7.41% 7.14% N/A 0.84% N/A 7.19% N/A 9.78% 14.24% 4.71% 8.86% 9.30% N/A -5.73% -19.41% N/A
1993 2.75% 10.62% 9.89% 18.26% 1.53% 16.20% 17.18% 15.07% 18.70% 21.10% 11.25% 20.97% 29.92% 29.92% N/A N/A 29.13% 35.46% N/A 3.05% 6.31% 11.43% 12.97% 16.78% 9.68% N/A 14.61% N/A 7.07% N/A 14.49% 18.24% 3.82% 11.55% 13.45% N/A 17.68% 93.36% N/A
1994 2.67% -0.17% 1.18% -0.63% 2.89% -1.72% -3.03% -0.60% -0.51% -0.07% -3.63% 3.09% 9.76% 9.76% N/A N/A 1.88% 13.04% N/A 4.20% -0.48% -4.33% -7.19% -7.04% -2.66% N/A -8.72% N/A -0.08% N/A -5.30% -1.71% 1.63% -2.12% -5.76% -8.40% -2.17% -5.42% N/A
1995 2.54% 35.79% 37.45% 37.04% 38.06% 33.22% 33.38% 32.91% 28.74% 30.32% 30.07% 34.48% 3.98% 3.98% 1.16% 11.53% 22.28% 2.75% 0.56% 5.71% 12.11% 20.44% 25.55% 30.09% 18.18% N/A 23.91% N/A 12.74% N/A 26.40% 19.15% 5.99% 13.64% 18.72% 12.13% 0.98% -4.48% N/A
1996 3.32% 20.96% 22.88% 21.80% 23.74% 18.97% 20.15% 17.48% 18.12% 21.41% 10.24% 17.65% 4.68% 4.68% 0.95% 7.81% 21.25% -7.82% 15.83% 5.17% 4.39% 1.92% -0.00% -1.26% 3.58% N/A 15.02% N/A 4.79% N/A 1.20% 9.55% 3.69% 4.20% 4.42% 33.84% -4.59% -0.75% N/A
1997 1.70% 30.99% 33.19% 29.78% 36.34% 25.66% 35.08% 17.75% 24.59% 35.44% 14.37% 22.78% -0.77% -1.39% -22.72% -3.14% 24.23% -25.67% -16.82% 5.22% 6.51% 8.96% 11.97% 13.90% 9.44% N/A 2.31% N/A 6.95% N/A 13.78% 11.91% 4.07% 7.06% 9.29% 18.77% -21.41% -38.92% N/A
1998 1.61% 23.26% 28.62% 14.63% 42.21% 9.90% 3.67% 17.27% -2.61% -2.68% 3.52% -1.81% 15.60% 16.51% 5.27% 14.87% 28.86% 2.41% -18.12% 4.97% 7.36% 10.61% 14.64% 13.05% 8.58% N/A 10.59% N/A 6.57% N/A 9.21% 5.62% 4.32% 5.76% 6.02% -16.32% -0.83% -3.91% N/A
1999 2.68% 23.81% 21.07% 12.58% 28.76% 15.32% 3.12% 42.99% 23.13% 3.35% 19.80% 31.49% 29.92% 37.96% 19.04% 16.30% 16.66% 57.05% 61.57% 4.77% 1.85% -3.52% -7.83% -8.66% -0.76% N/A 3.82% 0.29% 3.31% N/A -6.23% 2.49% 2.58% -0.50% -3.53% -4.04% 0.85% 28.82% N/A
2000 3.39% -10.57% -9.06% 6.09% -22.21% 18.10% 19.80% -6.28% -2.67% 21.88% 1.59% 0.67% -15.61% -14.29% -3.08% -0.16% -8.21% -25.74% -27.56% 5.99% 8.83% 14.03% 17.28% 19.72% 11.39% N/A -0.34% 9.20% 8.17% N/A 11.76% -0.88% 4.91% 9.24% 13.32% 26.35% -5.44% -7.34% N/A
2001 1.55% -10.97% -12.02% -11.86% -12.93% -0.50% -0.84% -6.02% 3.10% 13.70% -0.78% 23.98% -20.15% -21.94% -4.59% -15.26% -20.30% -26.34% -2.88% 3.70% 7.80% 7.55% 5.40% 4.31% 8.43% 7.61% 5.11% 10.83% 8.14% N/A 9.57% 2.90% 4.75% 5.05% 4.54% 12.35% 0.75% 18.33% N/A
2002 2.38% -20.96% -22.15% -20.88% -23.68% -14.61% -12.95% -21.22% -20.02% -14.20% -15.41% 4.90% -15.08% -15.62% 5.79% -8.52% -17.95% -9.32% -7.43% 1.65% 8.02% 14.15% 15.45% 16.67% 8.26% 16.61% 20.39% 9.29% 5.22% N/A 13.22% 1.73% 3.49% 7.91% 10.12% 3.75% 25.57% 33.35% N/A
2003 1.88% 31.35% 28.50% 32.25% 25.92% 34.14% 37.94% 35.59% 45.63% 37.19% 42.88% 80.98% 40.34% 38.67% 66.48% 49.93% 38.70% 38.42% 57.65% 1.04% 2.38% 2.37% 0.15% 2.68% 3.97% 8.00% 21.25% 3.93% 4.20% 9.08% 6.26% 17.20% 1.64% 4.46% 5.21% 35.66% 19.89% 59.45% N/A
2004 3.26% 12.52% 10.74% 15.26% 7.20% 20.35% 26.04% 13.00% 19.90% 23.55% 16.06% 19.09% 20.84% 20.25% 34.80% 28.80% 20.86% 18.83% 26.12% 1.32% 1.03% 3.40% 4.50% 7.12% 4.24% 8.27% 9.80% 6.11% 2.11% 5.72% 8.94% 8.52% 1.12% 3.23% 4.12% 30.76% 4.65% 8.09% N/A
2005 3.42% 5.98% 4.77% 7.10% 5.09% 13.93% 16.02% 8.11% 7.36% 6.07% 8.64% 4.08% 15.57% 13.60% 23.23% 15.27% 9.26% 22.59% 32.05% 3.14% 1.77% 2.31% 3.01% 6.61% 2.40% 2.59% -4.34% 4.98% 2.20% 1.16% 5.13% 2.77% 1.65% 2.24% 3.07% 11.89% 17.76% 43.79% N/A
2006 2.54% 15.51% 15.64% 22.13% 9.01% 13.60% 14.77% 11.79% 15.66% 19.24% 11.95% 11.48% 26.64% 26.27% 28.39% 30.34% 33.42% 11.99% 29.39% 4.82% 3.77% 3.14% 2.19% 1.74% 4.27% 0.43% 8.24% 2.94% 4.99% 4.22% 2.86% 8.24% 3.26% 4.43% 5.16% 35.07% 22.55% 34.30% N/A
2007 4.08% 5.49% 5.39% 0.08% 12.56% 6.02% -4.37% 17.30% 1.16% -7.07% 9.63% -5.40% 15.52% 11.15% 2.95% 4.23% 13.82% 4.78% 38.90% 4.56% 7.89% 9.98% 10.42% 9.24% 6.92% 11.59% 8.44% 4.99% 5.86% 3.73% 3.75% 2.04% 4.19% 3.43% 2.54% -16.46% 30.45% 36.13% 31.62%
2008 0.09% -37.04% -37.02% -35.97% -38.32% -41.82% -36.64% -47.07% -36.07% -32.05% -40.00% -39.49% -44.10% -41.27% -41.68% -41.67% -44.73% -34.36% -52.81% 1.53% 6.68% 13.32% 20.53% 22.51% 5.05% -2.85% -8.56% -2.35% -4.74% 2.40% 2.29% -21.29% 3.74% -0.14% -4.87% -37.05% 4.92% -56.02% -45.75%
2009 2.72% 28.70% 26.49% 19.58% 36.29% 40.22% 37.61% 42.54% 36.12% 30.34% 41.85% 25.96% 36.73% 28.27% 47.52% 28.36% 31.91% 21.18% 75.98% 0.16% 1.44% -1.69% -10.17% -12.06% 5.93% 10.80% 22.75% 15.30% 14.03% 8.46% 8.75% 39.09% 3.07% 10.22% 14.08% 29.58% 24.03% 76.46% 11.22%
2010 1.50% 17.09% 14.91% 14.27% 16.96% 25.46% 21.63% 28.93% 27.72% 24.82% 30.69% 24.86% 11.12% 8.36% 25.60% 4.47% 4.91% 15.77% 18.86% 0.14% 2.63% 7.35% 7.92% 8.93% 6.42% 6.17% 8.00% 8.53% 5.21% 9.33% 10.71% 12.40% 0.95% 2.13% 1.50% 28.30% 29.27% 37.45% 7.17%
2011 2.96% 0.96% 1.97% 1.00% 1.71% -2.11% -0.44% -3.84% -2.80% -4.16% -1.58% -7.86% -14.56% -12.51% -19.63% -12.42% -11.60% -14.00% -18.78% 0.07% 2.26% 9.79% 16.24% 29.28% 7.56% 13.23% 3.78% 8.60% 1.93% 9.73% 17.18% 7.13% 1.60% 9.62% 10.69% 8.47% 9.57% -21.70% -3.28%
2012 1.74% 16.25% 15.82% 15.00% 16.89% 15.80% 15.91% 15.81% 18.04% 18.56% 17.52% 19.83% 18.14% 18.56% 20.73% 18.83% 20.80% 15.49% 18.64% 0.08% 0.69% 2.67% 2.73% 3.46% 4.05% 6.77% 8.04% 9.54% 4.52% 10.58% 11.66% 14.36% 0.99% 5.70% 8.08% 17.53% 6.60% -12.98% -0.58%
2013 1.50% 33.35% 32.18% 32.87% 32.16% 35.00% 37.42% 32.02% 37.62% 36.41% 37.98% 50.91% 15.04% 22.06% 16.60% 21.84% 24.70% 17.36% -5.19% 0.05% -0.10% -3.09% -8.57% -13.03% -2.26% -8.92% -2.74% -0.81% 0.97% -2.00% -5.87% 4.54% 0.48% -1.56% -2.95% 2.31% -28.33% -35.13% -1.83%
2014 0.76% 12.43% 13.51% 13.07% 13.47% 13.60% 13.84% 13.35% 7.37% 10.39% 3.88% 4.61% -4.24% -5.66% -5.06% -6.80% -6.67% -4.69% 0.42% 0.03% 0.71% 4.32% 10.63% 25.27% 5.76% 3.83% 0.34% 9.70% 1.76% 8.21% 18.17% 4.58% 0.65% 7.25% 11.07% 30.13% -2.19% -11.41% -32.96%
2015 0.73% 0.29% 1.25% -1.04% 3.17% -1.45% -1.91% -1.13% -3.78% -4.77% -2.64% -8.28% -4.38% -0.19% -0.01% -5.86% -2.00% 2.25% -15.47% 0.05% 0.45% 1.50% 1.12% -1.54% 0.30% -1.83% -5.05% -0.00% 1.03% -1.25% -2.20% -1.40% 0.45% 2.85% 3.97% 2.22% -10.67% -29.42% -34.06%
2016 2.07% 12.53% 11.82% 16.75% 5.99% 11.07% 15.11% 6.62% 18.17% 24.65% 10.61% 21.47% 4.65% 2.45% 4.26% 5.05% -0.80% 5.19% 11.50% 0.30% 1.00% 1.19% 1.00% 1.21% 2.50% 4.52% 3.61% 6.17% 2.75% 6.21% 7.83% 11.19% 0.36% 0.08% 0.62% 8.34% 8.03% 50.64% 10.12%
2017 2.11% 21.05% 21.67% 16.99% 27.65% 19.12% 16.91% 21.72% 16.10% 11.67% 21.78% 12.47% 27.40% 26.40% 30.60% 21.25% 26.82% 28.39% 31.15% 0.88% 0.40% 1.58% 2.39% 8.59% 3.45% 2.81% 8.87% 4.32% 2.03% 7.06% 11.94% 7.02% 1.00% 4.54% 6.43% 4.83% 12.81% 13.75% 3.89%
2018 1.91% -5.26% -4.53% -5.55% -3.46% -9.34% -12.53% -5.74% -9.43% -12.34% -5.80% -17.12% -14.44% -14.46% -18.47% -14.66% -14.86% -13.98% -14.71% 1.90% 1.35% 1.00% 0.99% -1.90% -0.13% -1.49% -2.49% -0.46% 0.86% -3.79% -5.95% -2.96% 1.59% 1.25% 0.90% -6.11% -1.94% -8.79% -13.88%
2019 2.29% 30.65% 31.33% 25.67% 37.08% 30.86% 27.82% 33.72% 27.22% 22.61% 32.60% 15.34% 21.43% 22.05% 21.36% 15.78% 24.06% 17.42% 20.13% 2.13% 3.59% 6.29% 8.03% 14.13% 8.61% 8.06% 6.82% 6.76% 5.74% 17.37% 20.41% 15.79% 2.38% 6.78% 8.49% 28.78% 17.86% 39.79% 15.62%
2020 1.36% 20.87% 18.25% 2.18% 40.01% 18.10% 2.41% 34.32% 18.96% 5.72% 35.10% 25.53% 11.16% 10.26% 11.84% -2.97% 6.30% 16.37% 15.05% 0.44% 3.96% 8.21% 10.01% 18.29% 7.61% 10.90% 13.49% 7.31% 5.15% 10.97% 15.36% 5.28% 1.82% 5.13% 6.21% -4.78% 24.81% 23.66% -23.94%
2021 7.04% 25.59% 28.55% 26.31% 27.10% 24.36% 28.59% 20.32% 17.59% 27.96% 5.58% 22.31% 8.61% 11.43% 13.07% 10.87% 16.19% 1.36% 0.73% 0.04% -0.87% -2.29% -3.33% -4.73% -1.77% 5.56% -4.93% -0.53% -0.43% -1.85% -2.38% 3.68% 0.17% 1.10% 2.26% 40.19% -4.15% -9.52% 38.77%
2022 6.45% -19.60% -18.23% -2.18% -33.22% -18.80% -8.00% -28.93% -17.72% -9.43% -28.49% -23.40% -16.05% -15.32% -21.47% -5.18% -16.15% -15.33% -17.90% 1.82% -4.71% -10.43% -15.19% -29.58% -13.25% -12.02% -17.18% -5.53% -5.85% -17.93% -25.62% -9.06% -0.81% -6.91% -10.43% -26.30% -0.77% -8.98% 24.08%
2023 2.21% 8.69% 9.58% -3.46% 24.43% 0.31% -4.98% 6.34% 0.45% -3.88% 6.66% -1.37% 4.78% 6.38% 4.15% 3.75% 8.60% 4.67% 0.34% 1.97% 1.15% 2.40% 3.26% 4.17% 2.57% 2.33% 1.08% 1.92% 2.05% 3.43% 3.73% 2.99% 0.97% 1.50% 2.25% -2.06% 7.47% 7.85% -12.06%
The annual returns for 2023 are based on monthly returns from January to May.