Backtest Portfolio Asset Allocation

Portfolio Backtesting Overview

This portfolio backtesting tool allows you to construct one or more portfolios based on the selected mutual funds, ETFs, and stocks. You can analyze and backtest portfolio returns, risk characteristics, style exposures, and drawdowns. The results cover both returns and fund fundamentals based portfolio style analysis along with risk and return decomposition by each portfolio asset. You can compare up to three different portfolios against the selected benchmark, and you can also specify any periodic contribution or withdrawal cashflows and the preferred portfolio rebalancing strategy.

The related asset class level portfolio modeling tool allows you to analyze and compare asset class level portfolios with a longer time horizon starting from 1972.

Portfolio Model Configuration

Time Period

Start Year

First Month

End Year

Last Month

Calendar Aligned

Include YTD

Start Date

End Date

Initial Amount

$ .00

Cashflows

Contribution Amount

$ .00

Inflation Adjusted

Withdrawal Percentage

Frequency

Rebalancing

Absolute Deviation

Relative Deviation

Leverage Type

Leverage Ratio

Debt Amount

$ .00

Debt Interest

Maintenance Margin

Leveraged Benchmark

Reinvest Dividends

Display Income

Factor Regression

Equity Factor Model

Benchmark

Benchmark Ticker

Portfolio Names

Portfolio Name #1

Portfolio Name #2

Portfolio Name #3

Portfolio Assets

Portfolio #1

Portfolio #2

Portfolio #3

Asset 1

Asset 2

Asset 3

Asset 4

Asset 5

Asset 6

Asset 7

Asset 8

Asset 9

Asset 10

Total

Portfolio Analysis Results (Jan 2003 - May 2023)

Note: The time period was constrained by the available data for iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF (IEF) [Aug 2002 - May 2023].

SPY

Ticker	Name	Allocation
SPY	SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust	100.00%
Save portfolio »

50/50 2x SPY/Gold

Ticker	Name	Allocation
ULPIX	ProFunds UltraBull Inv	50.00%
^GOLD	Gold Price Index	50.00%
Save portfolio »

50/50 2x SPY/IEF

Ticker	Name	Allocation
ULPIX	ProFunds UltraBull Inv	50.00%
IEF	iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF	50.00%
Save portfolio »

Performance Summary

Portfolio performance statistics
Portfolio	Initial Balance	Final Balance	CAGR	Stdev	Best Year	Worst Year	Max. Drawdown	Sharpe Ratio	Sortino Ratio	Market Correlation
SPY	$10,000	$69,817	9.99%	14.68%	32.31%	-36.81%	-50.80%	0.64	0.95	1.00
50/50 2x SPY/Gold	$10,000	$112,857	12.60%	16.92%	40.31%	-31.49%	-41.80%	0.71	1.13	0.85
50/50 2x SPY/IEF	$10,000	$68,434	9.88%	13.98%	35.10%	-27.18%	-42.04%	0.65	0.97	0.95

Portfolio Growth

Annual Returns

Trailing Returns

Trailing Returns
Name	Total Return			Annualized Return				Annualized Standard Deviation
Name	3 Month	Year To Date	1 year	3 year	5 year	10 year	Full	3 year	5 year
SPY	5.86%	9.68%	2.92%	12.87%	10.94%	11.90%	9.99%	17.93%	18.58%
50/50 2x SPY/Gold	8.47%	11.98%	2.95%	13.10%	12.38%	11.93%	12.60%	19.45%	19.86%
50/50 2x SPY/IEF	6.24%	9.46%	-2.68%	6.97%	8.12%	10.24%	9.88%	19.29%	18.65%
Trailing return and volatility are as of last full calendar month ending May 2023

Notes and Disclosures

IMPORTANT: The projections or other information generated by Portfolio Visualizer regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results and are not guarantees of future results. Results may vary with each use and over time.
The results do not constitute investment advice or recommendation, are provided solely for informational purposes, and are not an offer to buy or sell any securities. All use is subject to terms of service.
Investing involves risk, including possible loss of principal. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results.
Asset allocation and diversification strategies do not guarantee a profit or protect against a loss.
Hypothetical returns do not reflect trading costs, transaction fees, commissions, or actual taxes due on investment returns.
The results are based on information from a variety of sources we consider reliable, but we do not represent that the information is accurate or complete.
Refer to the related documentation sections for more details on terms and definitions, methodology, and data sources.
Portfolio model information represents a blended portfolio consisting of the model's underlying positions and assigned weights provided by the user and rebalanced at the specified schedule. The results were constructed using net of fee mutual fund performance. Portfolio Visualizer does not provide preferential treatment to any specific security or investment.
The results are based on the total return of assets and assume that all received dividends and distributions are reinvested.
Market capitalization refers to the total value of all a company's shares of stock. It is calculated by multiplying the price of a stock by its total number of outstanding shares. Large cap refers to a company with a market capitalization value of more than $10 billion, mid cap refers to a company with a market capitalization value between $2 and $10 billion, and small cap refers to a company with a market capitalization value below $2 billion. For funds and portfolios the equity market capitalization is calculated based on the long position of the equity holdings.
Credit quality measures the ability of a bond issuer to repay a bond's interest and principal in a timely manner. Ratings agencies research the financial health of each bond issuer and assign ratings to the bonds being offered. Lower-rated bonds generally offer higher yields to compensate investors for the additional risk. AAA is the highest possible rating that may be assigned to an issuer's bonds by any of the major credit rating agencies. Bonds rated AAA to AA are known as high-grade bonds, bonds rated A to BBB are known as medium-grade bonds, and bonds rated BB to C are known as non-investment grade bonds. An issuer will receive a rating of D if it is already in default on some of its debt. For funds and portfolios the fixed income credit quality break-down is calculated based on the long position of the fixed income holdings.
A fixed income maturity date refers to the specific date on which the investor's principal will be repaid. Duration measures a bond's or fixed income portfolio's price sensitivity to interest rate changes. If a bond has a duration of 5 years, and interest rates increase by 1%, the bond's price will decline by approximately 5%. Conversely, if a bond has a duration of 5 years and interest rates fall by 1%, the bond's price will increase by approximately 5%. A fixed income portfolio's duration is computed as the weighted average of individual bond durations held in the portfolio.
Compound annualized growth rate (CAGR) is the annualized geometric mean return of the portfolio. It is calculated from the portfolio start and end balance and is thus impacted by any cashflows.
The time-weighted rate of return (TWRR) is a measure of the compound rate of growth in a portfolio. This is calculated from the holding period returns (e.g. monthly returns), and TWRR will thus not be impacted by cashflows. If there are no external cashflows, TWRR will equal CAGR.
The money-weighted rate of return (MWRR) is the internal rate of return (IRR) taking into account cashflows. This is the discount rate at which the present value of cash inflows equals the present value of cash outflows.
Total return is the combined return in income and capital appreciation from investment in an asset. Yield measures the current cash income received from investment in an asset. Bonds provide yield in the form of interest payments and stocks through dividends.
Standard deviation (Stdev) is used to measure the dispersion of returns around the mean and is often used as a measure of risk. A higher standard deviation implies greater the dispersion of data points around the mean.
Sharpe Ratio is a measure of risk-adjusted performance of the portfolio, and it is calculated by dividing the mean monthly excess return of the portfolio over the risk-free rate by the standard deviation of excess return, and the displayed value is annualized.
Sortino Ratio is a measure of risk-adjusted return which is a modification of the Sharpe Ratio. While the latter is the ratio of average returns in excess of a risk-free rate divided by the standard deviation of those excess returns, the Sortino Ratio has the same denominator divided by the standard deviation of returns below the risk-free rate.
Treynor Ratio is a measure of risk-adjusted performance of the portfolio. It is similar to the Sharpe Ratio, but it uses portfolio beta (systematic risk) as the risk metric in the denominator.
Calmar Ratio is a measure of risk-adjusted performance of the portfolio. It is calculated as the annualized return over the past 36 months divided by the maximum drawdown over the past 36 months based on monthly returns.
Risk-free returns are calculated based on the Federal Reserve 3-Month Treasury Bill (secondary market) rates.
Downside deviation measures the downside volatility of the portfolio returns unlike standard deviation, which includes both upside and downside deviations. Downside deviation is calculated based on negative returns that hurt the portfolio performance.
Correlation measures to what degree the returns of the two assets move in relation to each other. Correlation coefficient is a numerical value between -1 and +1. If one variable goes up by a certain amount, the correlation coefficient indicates which way the other variable moves and by how much. Asset correlations are calculated based on monthly returns.
Skewness is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution or returns from a normal Gaussian distribution shape about its mean. Negative skewness is associated with the left (typically negative returns) tail of the distribution extending further than the right tail; and positive skewness is associated with the right (typically positive returns) tail of the distribution extending further than the left tail.
Excess kurtosis is a measure of whether a data distribution is peaked or flat relative to a normal distribution. Distributions with high kurtosis tend to have a distinct peak near the mean, decline rather rapidly, and have heavy or fat tails.
A drawdown refers to the decline in value of a single investment or an investment portfolio from a relative peak value to a relative trough. A maximum drawdown (Max Drawdown) is the maximum observed loss from a peak to a trough of a portfolio before a new peak is attained. Drawdown values are calculated based on monthly returns.
Value at Risk (VaR) measures the scale of loss at a given confidence level. For example, if the 95% confidence one-month VaR is 3%, there is 95% confidence that over the next month the portfolio will not lose more than 3%. Value at Risk can be calculated directly based on historical returns based on a given percentile or analytically based on the mean and standard deviation of the returns.
Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) measures the scale of the expected loss once the specific Value at Risk (VaR) breakpoint has been breached, i.e., it calculates the average tail loss by taking a weighted average between the value at risk and losses exceeding the value at risk.
Beta is a measure of systematic risk and measures the volatility of a particular investment relative to the market or its benchmark. Alpha measures the active return of the investment compared to the market benchmark return. R-squared is the percentage of a portfolio's movements that can be explained by movements in the selected benchmark index.
Active return is the investment return minus the return of its benchmark. For periods longer than 12 months this is displayed as annualized value, i.e., annualized investment return minus annualized benchmark return.
Tracking error, also known as active risk, is the standard deviation of active return. This is displayed as annualized value based on the standard deviation of monthly active returns.
Information ratio is the active return divided by the tracking error. It measures whether the investment outperformed its benchmark consistently.
Gain/Loss ratio is a measure of downside risk, and it is calculated as the average positive return in up periods divided by the average negative return in down periods.
Upside Capture Ratio measures how well the fund performed relative to the benchmark when the market was up, and Downside Capture Ratio measures how well the fund performed relative to the benchmark when the market was down. An upside capture ratio greater than 100 would indicate that the fund outperformed its benchmark when the market was up, and a downside capture ratio below 100 would indicate that the fund lost less than its benchmark when the market was down. To calculate upside capture ratio a new series from the portfolio returns is constructed by dropping all time periods where the benchmark return is less than equal to zero. The up capture is then the quotient of the annualized return of the resulting manager series, divided by the annualized return of the resulting benchmark series. The downside capture ratio is calculated analogously.
All risk measures for the portfolio and portfolio assets are calculated based on monthly returns.
Gross expense ratio reflects the total annual operating expenses paid by each fund. Net expense ratio reflects what investors were charged after waivers, reductions, and reimbursements.
Price to earnings (P/E) ratio of a stock is calculated by dividing the current price of the stock by its trailing 12 months' earnings per share. For funds the price to earnings ratio is computed as the weighted average of fund holdings.
The annual results for 2023 are based on monthly returns from January to May.
The results assume annual rebalancing of portfolio assets to match the specified allocation.

Annual Returns

Annual returns for the configured portfolios
Year	Inflation	SPY		50/50 2x SPY/Gold		50/50 2x SPY/IEF		SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (SPY)	ProFunds UltraBull Inv (ULPIX)	Gold Price Index (^GOLD)	iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF (IEF)
Year	Inflation	Return	Balance	Return	Balance	Return	Balance	SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (SPY)	ProFunds UltraBull Inv (ULPIX)	Gold Price Index (^GOLD)	iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF (IEF)
2003	1.88%	28.18%	$12,818	37.49%	$13,749	30.19%	$13,019	28.18%	55.09%	19.89%	5.29%
2004	3.26%	10.70%	$14,190	11.20%	$15,289	10.94%	$14,443	10.70%	17.75%	4.65%	4.12%
2005	3.42%	4.83%	$14,874	10.30%	$16,864	2.74%	$14,839	4.83%	2.84%	17.77%	2.64%
2006	2.54%	15.85%	$17,232	23.49%	$20,825	13.15%	$16,790	15.85%	23.78%	23.20%	2.52%
2007	4.08%	5.14%	$18,117	16.40%	$24,240	5.62%	$17,734	5.14%	0.87%	31.92%	10.37%
2008	0.09%	-36.81%	$11,448	-31.49%	$16,606	-24.70%	$13,354	-36.81%	-67.30%	4.32%	17.91%
2009	2.72%	26.36%	$14,467	34.07%	$22,264	18.26%	$15,793	26.36%	43.11%	25.04%	-6.59%
2010	1.50%	15.06%	$16,645	26.39%	$28,140	16.46%	$18,391	15.06%	23.54%	29.24%	9.37%
2011	2.96%	1.89%	$16,959	2.25%	$28,773	5.60%	$19,422	1.89%	-4.43%	8.93%	15.64%
2012	1.74%	15.99%	$19,671	18.28%	$34,033	15.98%	$22,526	15.99%	28.30%	8.26%	3.66%
2013	1.50%	32.31%	$26,026	20.45%	$40,993	31.07%	$29,526	32.31%	68.23%	-27.33%	-6.09%
2014	0.76%	13.46%	$29,530	12.18%	$45,985	16.65%	$34,442	13.46%	24.23%	0.12%	9.07%
2015	0.73%	1.25%	$29,900	-7.11%	$42,715	-0.30%	$34,337	1.25%	-2.12%	-12.11%	1.51%
2016	2.07%	12.00%	$33,488	14.18%	$48,774	10.64%	$37,989	12.00%	20.27%	8.10%	1.00%
2017	2.11%	21.70%	$40,755	27.72%	$62,291	22.66%	$46,597	21.70%	42.77%	12.66%	2.55%
2018	1.91%	-4.56%	$38,898	-7.97%	$57,325	-7.01%	$43,329	-4.56%	-15.02%	-0.93%	0.99%
2019	2.29%	31.22%	$51,043	40.31%	$80,430	35.10%	$58,539	31.22%	62.18%	18.43%	8.03%
2020	1.36%	18.37%	$60,421	21.93%	$98,066	14.62%	$67,099	18.37%	19.24%	24.61%	10.01%
2021	7.04%	28.74%	$77,788	27.46%	$124,991	27.96%	$85,858	28.74%	59.24%	-4.33%	-3.33%
2022	6.45%	-18.17%	$63,653	-19.37%	$100,786	-27.18%	$62,522	-18.17%	-39.17%	0.44%	-15.19%
2023	2.21%	9.68%	$69,817	11.98%	$112,857	9.46%	$68,434	9.68%	15.65%	8.31%	3.26%
Annual return for 2023 is from 01/01/2023 to 05/31/2023

Monthly Returns

Monthly returns for the configured portfolios
Year	Month	SPY		50/50 2x SPY/Gold		50/50 2x SPY/IEF		SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (SPY)	ProFunds UltraBull Inv (ULPIX)	Gold Price Index (^GOLD)	iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF (IEF)
Year	Month	Return	Balance	Return	Balance	Return	Balance	SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (SPY)	ProFunds UltraBull Inv (ULPIX)	Gold Price Index (^GOLD)	iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF (IEF)
2003	1	-2.46%	$9,754	-0.13%	$9,987	-3.43%	$9,657	-2.46%	-6.10%	5.85%	-0.77%
2003	2	-1.35%	$9,623	-4.51%	$9,537	-0.54%	$9,604	-1.35%	-3.44%	-5.46%	2.20%
2003	3	0.21%	$9,642	-1.46%	$9,398	0.24%	$9,627	0.21%	0.94%	-3.63%	-0.38%
2003	4	8.46%	$10,458	8.23%	$10,171	7.82%	$10,380	8.46%	16.30%	0.57%	0.14%
2003	5	5.48%	$11,032	9.03%	$11,089	7.27%	$11,135	5.48%	10.58%	7.32%	3.79%
2003	6	1.07%	$11,149	-0.98%	$10,980	0.69%	$11,211	1.07%	1.91%	-4.26%	-0.69%
2003	7	1.80%	$11,350	2.80%	$11,287	-0.72%	$11,131	1.80%	3.02%	2.53%	-5.02%
2003	8	2.06%	$11,584	4.68%	$11,816	2.37%	$11,394	2.06%	3.70%	5.88%	0.71%
2003	9	-1.09%	$11,458	0.07%	$11,825	0.69%	$11,473	-1.09%	-2.65%	3.30%	4.98%
2003	10	5.35%	$12,072	5.65%	$12,493	5.37%	$12,089	5.35%	11.12%	-0.45%	-1.47%
2003	11	1.09%	$12,203	2.26%	$12,775	0.90%	$12,198	1.09%	1.55%	3.13%	0.02%
2003	12	5.03%	$12,818	7.63%	$13,749	6.73%	$13,019	5.03%	10.18%	4.49%	2.03%
2004	1	1.98%	$13,071	-0.24%	$13,717	2.25%	$13,313	1.98%	3.49%	-3.96%	1.02%
2004	2	1.36%	$13,248	0.88%	$13,837	2.11%	$13,594	1.36%	2.60%	-0.98%	1.61%
2004	3	-1.32%	$13,074	1.43%	$14,035	-1.19%	$13,433	-1.32%	-3.59%	7.04%	1.30%
2004	4	-1.89%	$12,826	-5.82%	$13,218	-3.85%	$12,915	-1.89%	-3.35%	-8.31%	-4.35%
2004	5	1.71%	$13,046	1.87%	$13,466	0.97%	$13,041	1.71%	2.49%	1.22%	-0.53%
2004	6	1.85%	$13,287	2.17%	$13,758	2.14%	$13,320	1.85%	3.59%	0.65%	0.65%
2004	7	-3.22%	$12,859	-4.11%	$13,192	-2.92%	$12,932	-3.22%	-6.83%	-1.11%	1.21%
2004	8	0.24%	$12,890	2.13%	$13,473	1.57%	$13,135	0.24%	0.28%	4.05%	2.83%
2004	9	1.00%	$13,019	1.91%	$13,730	1.02%	$13,269	1.00%	1.76%	2.06%	0.32%
2004	10	1.29%	$13,187	2.48%	$14,070	1.76%	$13,504	1.29%	2.57%	2.38%	0.99%
2004	11	4.45%	$13,774	7.28%	$15,094	2.96%	$13,903	4.45%	8.01%	6.54%	-1.98%
2004	12	3.02%	$14,190	1.29%	$15,289	3.89%	$14,443	3.02%	6.42%	-3.93%	1.17%
2005	1	-2.24%	$13,871	-4.20%	$14,646	-2.23%	$14,122	-2.24%	-5.32%	-3.09%	0.87%
2005	2	2.09%	$14,161	3.51%	$15,160	1.17%	$14,287	2.09%	3.88%	3.15%	-1.37%
2005	3	-1.83%	$13,902	-2.93%	$14,717	-2.21%	$13,971	-1.83%	-4.04%	-1.83%	-0.40%
2005	4	-1.87%	$13,642	-1.17%	$14,544	-0.85%	$13,852	-1.87%	-4.39%	1.92%	2.52%
2005	5	3.22%	$14,082	0.31%	$14,589	3.82%	$14,382	3.22%	6.06%	-4.88%	1.84%
2005	6	0.15%	$14,103	2.57%	$14,964	0.10%	$14,397	0.15%	-0.30%	5.47%	0.48%
2005	7	3.83%	$14,642	2.54%	$15,344	2.29%	$14,726	3.83%	7.15%	-1.85%	-2.18%
2005	8	-0.94%	$14,505	-0.77%	$15,226	-0.24%	$14,690	-0.94%	-2.47%	0.99%	2.00%
2005	9	0.80%	$14,621	5.09%	$16,000	-0.43%	$14,628	0.80%	0.95%	9.23%	-1.75%
2005	10	-2.37%	$14,275	-2.25%	$15,640	-2.67%	$14,238	-2.37%	-4.11%	-0.53%	-1.24%
2005	11	4.40%	$14,903	6.16%	$16,603	3.81%	$14,780	4.40%	7.13%	5.29%	0.63%
2005	12	-0.19%	$14,874	1.57%	$16,864	0.40%	$14,839	-0.19%	-0.55%	3.50%	1.37%
2006	1	2.40%	$15,232	7.80%	$18,179	2.02%	$15,138	2.40%	4.73%	10.87%	-0.70%
2006	2	0.57%	$15,319	-1.20%	$17,961	-0.10%	$15,123	0.57%	-0.10%	-2.24%	-0.10%
2006	3	1.65%	$15,572	3.31%	$18,555	0.31%	$15,169	1.65%	1.89%	4.68%	-1.36%
2006	4	1.26%	$15,768	6.49%	$19,759	0.78%	$15,287	1.26%	2.06%	10.65%	-0.63%
2006	5	-3.01%	$15,293	-2.27%	$19,311	-3.48%	$14,755	-3.01%	-6.50%	1.40%	-0.10%
2006	6	0.26%	$15,334	-3.61%	$18,613	-0.18%	$14,728	0.26%	-0.57%	-6.05%	0.23%
2006	7	0.45%	$15,402	1.88%	$18,962	1.04%	$14,882	0.45%	0.43%	3.10%	1.68%
2006	8	2.18%	$15,738	1.09%	$19,169	2.97%	$15,324	2.18%	4.14%	-1.42%	1.76%
2006	9	2.70%	$16,163	0.10%	$19,187	2.98%	$15,781	2.70%	4.67%	-3.89%	1.21%
2006	10	3.15%	$16,673	3.29%	$19,818	3.36%	$16,311	3.15%	5.96%	0.75%	0.54%
2006	11	1.99%	$17,004	5.18%	$20,845	2.34%	$16,693	1.99%	3.25%	7.11%	1.31%
2006	12	1.34%	$17,232	-0.09%	$20,825	0.58%	$16,790	1.34%	2.17%	-2.27%	-1.28%
2007	1	1.50%	$17,491	2.69%	$21,385	1.02%	$16,962	1.50%	2.44%	2.93%	-0.40%
2007	2	-1.96%	$17,148	-1.24%	$21,119	-1.32%	$16,738	-1.96%	-4.60%	2.11%	2.06%
2007	3	1.16%	$17,347	0.55%	$21,235	0.68%	$16,851	1.16%	1.53%	-0.37%	-0.14%
2007	4	4.43%	$18,115	5.25%	$22,350	4.44%	$17,600	4.43%	8.37%	2.30%	0.61%
2007	5	3.39%	$18,729	1.90%	$22,776	2.62%	$18,062	3.39%	6.43%	-2.64%	-1.39%
2007	6	-1.46%	$18,455	-2.71%	$22,159	-2.34%	$17,639	-1.46%	-3.99%	-1.30%	-0.47%
2007	7	-3.13%	$17,877	-2.56%	$21,592	-2.65%	$17,172	-3.13%	-7.12%	2.31%	2.26%
2007	8	1.28%	$18,107	1.46%	$21,908	2.11%	$17,536	1.28%	1.96%	0.98%	2.26%
2007	9	3.87%	$18,807	8.69%	$23,811	3.42%	$18,135	3.87%	6.77%	10.57%	0.09%
2007	10	1.36%	$19,063	4.34%	$24,844	1.71%	$18,444	1.36%	2.30%	6.26%	1.08%
2007	11	-3.87%	$18,324	-4.71%	$23,673	-2.73%	$17,940	-3.87%	-9.06%	-0.76%	4.04%
2007	12	-1.13%	$18,117	2.39%	$24,240	-1.15%	$17,734	-1.13%	-2.42%	6.41%	0.05%
2008	1	-6.05%	$17,021	-0.96%	$24,008	-4.65%	$16,910	-6.05%	-12.65%	10.73%	3.36%
2008	2	-2.58%	$16,581	-0.09%	$23,985	-2.46%	$16,494	-2.58%	-6.84%	5.23%	1.24%
2008	3	-0.90%	$16,432	-3.00%	$23,265	0.01%	$16,495	-0.90%	-1.70%	-3.91%	1.34%
2008	4	4.77%	$17,215	0.04%	$23,274	2.70%	$16,940	4.77%	9.47%	-6.70%	-2.41%
2008	5	1.51%	$17,475	1.86%	$23,707	-0.02%	$16,936	1.51%	2.06%	1.69%	-1.78%
2008	6	-8.35%	$16,016	-4.91%	$22,544	-7.21%	$15,715	-8.35%	-16.71%	5.02%	1.14%
2008	7	-0.90%	$15,872	-1.76%	$22,147	-0.60%	$15,621	-0.90%	-2.42%	-1.32%	0.72%
2008	8	1.55%	$16,117	-4.71%	$21,104	1.80%	$15,902	1.55%	2.18%	-9.26%	1.53%
2008	9	-9.44%	$14,596	-4.40%	$20,176	-7.80%	$14,662	-9.44%	-18.64%	6.18%	-0.14%
2008	10	-16.52%	$12,185	-23.55%	$15,424	-13.11%	$12,740	-16.52%	-34.39%	-17.38%	-0.87%
2008	11	-6.96%	$11,337	2.64%	$15,831	0.96%	$12,863	-6.96%	-16.88%	11.46%	7.75%
2008	12	0.98%	$11,448	4.90%	$16,606	3.82%	$13,354	0.98%	-0.70%	6.78%	5.15%
2009	1	-8.21%	$10,508	-5.99%	$15,611	-10.79%	$11,913	-8.21%	-17.70%	5.72%	-3.89%
2009	2	-10.74%	$9,379	-7.38%	$14,459	-10.27%	$10,689	-10.74%	-21.40%	3.53%	-0.74%
2009	3	8.35%	$10,162	3.50%	$14,965	8.33%	$11,580	8.35%	15.72%	-3.73%	3.31%
2009	4	9.93%	$11,172	5.72%	$15,821	6.59%	$12,343	9.93%	18.88%	-3.63%	-2.75%
2009	5	5.85%	$11,825	10.60%	$17,499	4.12%	$12,851	5.85%	10.79%	10.44%	-2.08%
2009	6	-0.07%	$11,817	-2.45%	$17,071	-0.50%	$12,787	-0.07%	-0.45%	-4.20%	-0.55%
2009	7	7.46%	$12,698	7.32%	$18,320	7.99%	$13,809	7.46%	14.80%	0.48%	0.83%
2009	8	3.69%	$13,167	4.37%	$19,121	4.10%	$14,374	3.69%	6.88%	1.76%	0.77%
2009	9	3.55%	$13,634	5.70%	$20,211	4.44%	$15,013	3.55%	7.06%	4.21%	1.12%
2009	10	-1.92%	$13,372	-0.15%	$20,180	-2.49%	$14,640	-1.92%	-4.23%	4.44%	-0.14%
2009	11	6.16%	$14,196	12.49%	$22,701	7.61%	$15,754	6.16%	11.95%	13.05%	2.02%
2009	12	1.91%	$14,467	-1.92%	$22,264	0.25%	$15,793	1.91%	3.54%	-7.51%	-4.40%
2010	1	-3.63%	$13,941	-4.17%	$21,337	-2.57%	$15,387	-3.63%	-7.51%	-0.83%	2.37%
2010	2	3.12%	$14,376	4.09%	$22,210	2.80%	$15,817	3.12%	5.52%	2.76%	0.33%
2010	3	6.09%	$15,251	6.16%	$23,579	5.26%	$16,650	6.09%	11.92%	0.65%	-1.06%
2010	4	1.55%	$15,487	4.15%	$24,557	2.18%	$17,014	1.55%	2.68%	5.71%	1.65%
2010	5	-7.95%	$14,257	-7.09%	$22,815	-7.06%	$15,812	-7.95%	-16.27%	2.40%	2.93%
2010	6	-5.17%	$13,519	-3.35%	$22,051	-3.48%	$15,261	-5.17%	-10.88%	3.02%	3.05%
2010	7	6.83%	$14,442	2.44%	$22,588	6.58%	$16,266	6.83%	14.01%	-6.03%	0.91%
2010	8	-4.50%	$13,793	-0.89%	$22,387	-2.51%	$15,857	-4.50%	-9.32%	6.59%	3.36%
2010	9	8.96%	$15,028	10.52%	$24,741	7.74%	$17,084	8.96%	17.96%	4.90%	-0.00%
2010	10	3.82%	$15,602	4.97%	$25,970	3.41%	$17,666	3.82%	7.24%	3.04%	-0.01%
2010	11	0.00%	$15,602	1.21%	$26,284	-0.71%	$17,541	0.00%	-0.51%	2.73%	-0.90%
2010	12	6.68%	$16,645	7.06%	$28,140	4.85%	$18,391	6.68%	13.45%	1.59%	-3.43%
2011	1	2.33%	$17,033	-0.70%	$27,943	2.08%	$18,774	2.33%	4.18%	-5.59%	-0.02%
2011	2	3.47%	$17,624	6.45%	$29,744	3.24%	$19,383	3.47%	6.55%	6.33%	-0.21%
2011	3	0.01%	$17,626	0.77%	$29,972	-0.25%	$19,334	0.01%	-0.34%	1.98%	-0.15%
2011	4	2.90%	$18,137	6.17%	$31,821	3.86%	$20,080	2.90%	5.67%	6.71%	1.84%
2011	5	-1.12%	$17,933	-1.30%	$31,407	-0.22%	$20,037	-1.12%	-2.58%	0.07%	2.51%
2011	6	-1.69%	$17,631	-2.95%	$30,480	-2.25%	$19,585	-1.69%	-3.85%	-2.02%	-0.51%
2011	7	-2.00%	$17,278	1.75%	$31,014	-0.79%	$19,431	-2.00%	-4.53%	8.17%	3.17%
2011	8	-5.50%	$16,328	-0.07%	$30,991	-3.96%	$18,662	-5.50%	-12.74%	11.36%	4.65%
2011	9	-6.94%	$15,194	-12.19%	$27,214	-5.21%	$17,689	-6.94%	-14.33%	-10.67%	2.24%
2011	10	10.91%	$16,852	12.60%	$30,643	8.13%	$19,127	10.91%	21.89%	6.30%	-1.29%
2011	11	-0.41%	$16,784	0.21%	$30,708	-0.29%	$19,073	-0.41%	-1.31%	1.39%	0.58%
2011	12	1.04%	$16,959	-6.30%	$28,773	1.83%	$19,422	1.04%	1.64%	-12.31%	1.99%
2012	1	4.64%	$17,746	11.33%	$32,034	4.81%	$20,356	4.64%	8.76%	13.91%	0.86%
2012	2	4.34%	$18,516	4.89%	$33,602	3.86%	$21,142	4.34%	8.46%	1.49%	-1.10%
2012	3	3.22%	$19,111	0.13%	$33,645	2.63%	$21,699	3.22%	6.21%	-6.07%	-1.59%
2012	4	-0.67%	$18,984	-1.23%	$33,232	0.15%	$21,731	-0.67%	-1.71%	-0.68%	2.51%
2012	5	-6.01%	$17,844	-9.01%	$30,237	-5.29%	$20,581	-6.01%	-11.96%	-5.65%	2.87%
2012	6	4.05%	$18,567	5.23%	$31,818	3.73%	$21,349	4.05%	7.69%	2.60%	-0.42%
2012	7	1.18%	$18,786	1.91%	$32,425	1.88%	$21,750	1.18%	2.30%	1.47%	1.40%
2012	8	2.51%	$19,257	3.00%	$33,397	2.19%	$22,227	2.51%	4.21%	1.63%	-0.12%
2012	9	2.54%	$19,745	6.21%	$35,473	2.51%	$22,784	2.54%	4.90%	7.73%	-0.35%
2012	10	-1.82%	$19,386	-3.64%	$34,180	-2.42%	$22,232	-1.82%	-4.03%	-3.21%	-0.40%
2012	11	0.57%	$19,496	0.61%	$34,388	0.88%	$22,427	0.57%	0.79%	0.41%	0.98%
2012	12	0.90%	$19,671	-1.03%	$34,033	0.44%	$22,526	0.90%	1.59%	-3.97%	-0.94%
2013	1	5.12%	$20,678	5.31%	$35,839	4.44%	$23,527	5.12%	10.18%	0.44%	-1.29%
2013	2	1.28%	$20,942	-0.99%	$35,485	1.74%	$23,937	1.28%	2.29%	-4.58%	1.13%
2013	3	3.80%	$21,737	4.26%	$36,995	4.03%	$24,902	3.80%	7.35%	0.61%	0.29%
2013	4	1.92%	$22,155	-1.62%	$36,398	2.63%	$25,557	1.92%	3.54%	-8.09%	1.52%
2013	5	2.36%	$22,678	0.42%	$36,549	0.98%	$25,808	2.36%	4.30%	-5.07%	-3.11%
2013	6	-1.34%	$22,375	-7.62%	$33,765	-2.90%	$25,059	-1.34%	-3.17%	-14.52%	-2.55%
2013	7	5.17%	$23,531	10.30%	$37,242	5.71%	$26,489	5.17%	10.31%	10.28%	-0.35%
2013	8	-3.00%	$22,825	-1.64%	$36,631	-4.16%	$25,387	-3.00%	-6.04%	6.10%	-1.42%
2013	9	3.17%	$23,549	1.80%	$37,289	4.31%	$26,482	3.17%	6.09%	-4.89%	1.85%
2013	10	4.63%	$24,639	5.62%	$39,385	5.62%	$27,971	4.63%	8.97%	-0.19%	0.78%
2013	11	2.96%	$25,369	2.00%	$40,174	3.25%	$28,880	2.96%	5.88%	-5.36%	-0.88%
2013	12	2.59%	$26,026	2.04%	$40,993	2.24%	$29,526	2.59%	4.82%	-3.87%	-2.09%
2014	1	-3.52%	$25,109	-1.67%	$40,307	-2.07%	$28,914	-3.52%	-7.21%	3.86%	3.06%
2014	2	4.55%	$26,252	7.42%	$43,299	4.44%	$30,198	4.55%	8.98%	6.04%	0.36%
2014	3	0.83%	$26,470	-0.71%	$42,992	0.39%	$30,317	0.83%	1.37%	-2.62%	-0.56%
2014	4	0.70%	$26,654	0.43%	$43,177	0.95%	$30,605	0.70%	1.14%	-0.25%	0.76%
2014	5	2.32%	$27,273	0.67%	$43,466	3.11%	$31,558	2.32%	4.40%	-2.95%	1.82%
2014	6	2.06%	$27,835	4.53%	$45,437	1.89%	$32,154	2.06%	3.94%	5.16%	-0.22%
2014	7	-1.34%	$27,461	-2.65%	$44,233	-1.67%	$31,617	-1.34%	-3.03%	-2.26%	-0.22%
2014	8	3.95%	$28,545	4.00%	$46,001	4.93%	$33,176	3.95%	7.87%	0.04%	1.88%
2014	9	-1.38%	$28,151	-4.16%	$44,085	-2.10%	$32,479	-1.38%	-3.06%	-5.39%	-1.05%
2014	10	2.36%	$28,814	0.30%	$44,216	3.00%	$33,453	2.36%	4.36%	-4.30%	1.53%
2014	11	2.75%	$29,606	3.62%	$45,818	3.38%	$34,585	2.75%	5.27%	1.59%	1.29%
2014	12	-0.26%	$29,530	0.37%	$45,985	-0.41%	$34,442	-0.26%	-0.89%	1.97%	0.13%
2015	1	-2.96%	$28,655	-0.91%	$45,565	-1.01%	$34,093	-2.96%	-6.33%	4.50%	4.30%
2015	2	5.62%	$30,266	3.48%	$47,150	4.12%	$35,497	5.62%	11.45%	-3.67%	-2.47%
2015	3	-1.57%	$29,789	-2.88%	$45,791	-1.36%	$35,014	-1.57%	-3.52%	-2.22%	0.86%
2015	4	0.98%	$30,082	0.57%	$46,053	0.52%	$35,195	0.98%	1.69%	-0.57%	-0.63%
2015	5	1.29%	$30,469	1.63%	$46,804	0.94%	$35,526	1.29%	2.29%	0.94%	-0.42%
2015	6	-2.03%	$29,851	-2.97%	$45,414	-2.91%	$34,491	-2.03%	-4.16%	-1.71%	-1.63%
2015	7	2.26%	$30,525	-1.00%	$44,960	2.78%	$35,448	2.26%	4.03%	-6.20%	1.52%
2015	8	-6.10%	$28,664	-5.07%	$42,679	-6.26%	$33,231	-6.10%	-12.40%	3.33%	0.08%
2015	9	-2.54%	$27,935	-3.66%	$41,119	-1.78%	$32,638	-2.54%	-5.51%	-1.85%	1.58%
2015	10	8.51%	$30,312	9.65%	$45,085	7.51%	$35,091	8.51%	17.23%	2.54%	-0.64%
2015	11	0.37%	$30,422	-3.22%	$43,634	-0.04%	$35,078	0.37%	0.35%	-7.04%	-0.43%
2015	12	-1.72%	$29,900	-2.11%	$42,715	-2.11%	$34,337	-1.72%	-3.77%	-0.18%	-0.45%
2016	1	-4.98%	$28,411	-2.69%	$41,568	-3.46%	$33,148	-4.98%	-10.26%	4.89%	3.33%
2016	2	-0.08%	$28,388	5.62%	$43,904	0.45%	$33,296	-0.08%	-0.75%	11.07%	1.49%
2016	3	6.72%	$30,297	6.02%	$46,548	6.25%	$35,376	6.72%	13.68%	0.17%	-0.06%
2016	4	0.39%	$30,416	2.33%	$47,635	0.16%	$35,433	0.39%	0.49%	3.93%	-0.16%
2016	5	1.70%	$30,933	-1.62%	$46,863	1.56%	$35,986	1.70%	3.27%	-5.72%	-0.10%
2016	6	0.35%	$31,042	4.72%	$49,075	1.59%	$36,559	0.35%	0.10%	8.96%	3.09%
2016	7	3.65%	$32,174	4.18%	$51,128	3.70%	$37,911	3.65%	7.23%	1.61%	0.25%
2016	8	0.12%	$32,212	-1.28%	$50,472	-0.49%	$37,726	0.12%	0.02%	-2.44%	-1.01%
2016	9	0.01%	$32,215	0.34%	$50,646	-0.08%	$37,695	0.01%	-0.39%	1.01%	0.24%
2016	10	-1.73%	$31,656	-3.81%	$48,719	-2.67%	$36,689	-1.73%	-3.79%	-3.82%	-1.49%
2016	11	3.68%	$32,822	-0.46%	$48,494	1.56%	$37,262	3.68%	7.22%	-7.38%	-4.23%
2016	12	2.03%	$33,488	0.58%	$48,774	1.95%	$37,989	2.03%	3.75%	-2.73%	-0.12%
2017	1	1.79%	$34,087	4.64%	$51,039	1.84%	$38,686	1.79%	3.45%	5.84%	0.22%
2017	2	3.93%	$35,427	5.64%	$53,917	4.32%	$40,356	3.93%	7.80%	3.53%	0.72%
2017	3	0.13%	$35,471	-0.48%	$53,660	-0.02%	$40,349	0.13%	-0.10%	-0.86%	0.08%
2017	4	0.99%	$35,823	1.75%	$54,599	1.45%	$40,935	0.99%	1.76%	1.74%	1.11%
2017	5	1.41%	$36,329	1.26%	$55,284	1.71%	$41,634	1.41%	2.50%	-0.02%	0.83%
2017	6	0.64%	$36,561	-0.45%	$55,036	0.25%	$41,738	0.64%	0.92%	-1.89%	-0.51%
2017	7	2.06%	$37,312	2.97%	$56,670	2.22%	$42,664	2.06%	3.83%	2.04%	0.38%
2017	8	0.29%	$37,421	1.76%	$57,665	0.77%	$42,991	0.29%	0.18%	3.49%	1.46%
2017	9	2.01%	$38,175	0.92%	$58,197	1.40%	$43,594	2.01%	3.84%	-2.18%	-1.44%
2017	10	2.36%	$39,074	1.87%	$59,283	2.35%	$44,618	2.36%	4.41%	-1.01%	-0.19%
2017	11	3.06%	$40,269	3.55%	$61,387	3.18%	$46,036	3.06%	5.86%	0.79%	-0.28%
2017	12	1.21%	$40,755	1.47%	$62,291	1.22%	$46,597	1.21%	1.98%	0.84%	0.18%
2018	1	5.64%	$43,052	7.74%	$67,113	4.57%	$48,727	5.64%	11.29%	4.19%	-2.15%
2018	2	-3.64%	$41,487	-5.12%	$63,674	-4.71%	$46,433	-3.64%	-8.03%	-2.02%	-0.93%
2018	3	-2.74%	$40,349	-2.62%	$62,003	-2.36%	$45,336	-2.74%	-5.69%	0.46%	1.16%
2018	4	0.52%	$40,558	-0.32%	$61,806	-0.55%	$45,089	0.52%	0.20%	-0.80%	-1.28%
2018	5	2.43%	$41,544	1.85%	$62,951	2.71%	$46,310	2.43%	4.43%	-0.60%	0.99%
2018	6	0.58%	$41,783	-1.71%	$61,875	0.50%	$46,541	0.58%	0.79%	-4.21%	0.20%
2018	7	3.70%	$43,331	2.49%	$63,417	3.36%	$48,106	3.70%	7.11%	-2.36%	-0.53%
2018	8	3.19%	$44,714	2.60%	$65,067	3.74%	$49,904	3.19%	6.17%	-1.52%	1.01%
2018	9	0.59%	$44,980	-0.13%	$64,981	-0.13%	$49,838	0.59%	0.78%	-1.26%	-1.20%
2018	10	-6.91%	$41,872	-6.80%	$60,566	-7.77%	$45,967	-6.91%	-13.99%	2.33%	-0.30%
2018	11	1.85%	$42,648	1.83%	$61,676	2.36%	$47,051	1.85%	3.35%	0.21%	1.33%
2018	12	-8.79%	$38,898	-7.05%	$57,325	-7.91%	$43,329	-8.79%	-18.06%	5.05%	2.80%
2019	1	8.01%	$42,012	9.64%	$62,853	8.24%	$46,899	8.01%	15.83%	3.46%	0.65%
2019	2	3.24%	$43,374	3.07%	$64,782	3.01%	$48,312	3.24%	6.09%	-0.31%	-0.52%
2019	3	1.81%	$44,158	1.00%	$65,431	3.04%	$49,781	1.81%	3.35%	-1.80%	2.66%
2019	4	4.09%	$45,962	3.89%	$67,975	4.08%	$51,811	4.09%	7.80%	-1.01%	-0.52%
2019	5	-6.38%	$43,031	-6.98%	$63,231	-6.05%	$48,676	-6.38%	-12.85%	1.03%	3.05%
2019	6	6.96%	$46,026	11.56%	$70,539	7.97%	$52,555	6.96%	13.93%	8.76%	1.22%
2019	7	1.51%	$46,722	1.94%	$71,906	1.39%	$53,284	1.51%	2.44%	1.32%	0.04%
2019	8	-1.67%	$45,940	0.93%	$72,574	-0.55%	$52,993	-1.67%	-3.99%	7.06%	3.95%
2019	9	1.95%	$46,835	0.43%	$72,889	1.29%	$53,676	1.95%	3.34%	-2.82%	-1.19%
2019	10	2.21%	$47,870	2.88%	$74,986	2.23%	$54,871	2.21%	3.84%	1.73%	0.19%
2019	11	3.62%	$49,603	2.33%	$76,732	3.68%	$56,888	3.62%	7.02%	-3.36%	-0.69%
2019	12	2.90%	$51,043	4.82%	$80,430	2.90%	$58,539	2.90%	5.62%	3.74%	-0.93%
2020	1	-0.04%	$51,022	2.03%	$82,065	1.47%	$59,401	-0.04%	-0.52%	4.58%	3.47%
2020	2	-7.92%	$46,983	-7.13%	$76,217	-6.49%	$55,546	-7.92%	-16.32%	1.62%	2.96%
2020	3	-12.46%	$41,127	-13.05%	$66,269	-10.91%	$49,485	-12.46%	-29.64%	-0.06%	3.72%
2020	4	12.70%	$46,349	12.65%	$74,656	8.85%	$53,865	12.70%	25.03%	5.83%	0.27%
2020	5	4.76%	$48,558	4.49%	$78,009	3.80%	$55,910	4.76%	9.05%	1.52%	0.33%
2020	6	1.78%	$49,420	2.51%	$79,964	1.21%	$56,585	1.78%	2.83%	2.28%	0.04%
2020	7	5.89%	$52,331	11.22%	$88,936	5.31%	$59,591	5.89%	11.35%	11.13%	0.85%
2020	8	6.98%	$55,983	5.74%	$94,044	5.95%	$63,136	6.98%	14.44%	-0.38%	-0.97%
2020	9	-3.74%	$53,889	-5.64%	$88,743	-3.79%	$60,746	-3.74%	-8.15%	-3.60%	0.33%
2020	10	-2.49%	$52,546	-2.65%	$86,389	-3.40%	$58,679	-2.49%	-5.75%	-0.27%	-1.38%
2020	11	10.88%	$58,261	5.82%	$91,420	10.35%	$64,755	10.88%	22.51%	-6.34%	0.34%
2020	12	3.71%	$60,421	7.27%	$98,066	3.62%	$67,099	3.71%	7.45%	7.09%	-0.24%
2021	1	-1.02%	$59,805	-1.82%	$96,284	-1.73%	$65,937	-1.02%	-2.37%	-1.26%	-1.09%
2021	2	2.78%	$61,468	-0.67%	$95,641	1.40%	$66,862	2.78%	5.22%	-6.49%	-2.36%
2021	3	4.54%	$64,259	3.08%	$98,589	3.24%	$69,027	4.54%	8.52%	-2.97%	-2.39%
2021	4	5.29%	$67,659	7.91%	$106,390	6.22%	$73,320	5.29%	10.63%	4.53%	1.00%
2021	5	0.66%	$68,103	3.83%	$110,465	0.78%	$73,892	0.66%	1.05%	7.48%	0.42%
2021	6	2.25%	$69,634	-0.76%	$109,622	2.95%	$76,075	2.25%	4.44%	-7.20%	1.02%
2021	7	2.44%	$71,334	4.12%	$114,142	3.45%	$78,700	2.44%	4.53%	3.55%	1.99%
2021	8	2.98%	$73,457	3.21%	$117,804	3.26%	$81,269	2.98%	5.91%	-0.60%	-0.39%
2021	9	-4.66%	$70,035	-7.22%	$109,301	-6.23%	$76,205	-4.66%	-9.39%	-3.97%	-1.60%
2021	10	7.02%	$74,949	8.92%	$119,053	7.95%	$82,266	7.02%	14.16%	1.51%	-0.44%
2021	11	-0.80%	$74,347	-0.31%	$118,690	-0.64%	$81,743	-0.80%	-1.75%	1.99%	1.09%
2021	12	4.63%	$77,788	5.31%	$124,991	5.03%	$85,858	4.63%	8.72%	0.08%	-0.52%
2022	1	-5.27%	$73,686	-5.56%	$118,037	-6.33%	$80,426	-5.27%	-10.54%	-0.59%	-2.11%
2022	2	-2.95%	$71,511	0.33%	$118,422	-3.22%	$77,839	-2.95%	-6.41%	6.38%	-0.30%
2022	3	3.76%	$74,196	3.98%	$123,131	0.98%	$78,604	3.76%	6.86%	1.69%	-4.06%
2022	4	-8.78%	$67,684	-8.69%	$112,430	-10.58%	$70,287	-8.78%	-17.23%	-1.59%	-4.23%
2022	5	0.23%	$67,837	-2.50%	$109,620	0.05%	$70,321	0.23%	-0.64%	-3.80%	0.62%
2022	6	-8.25%	$62,243	-7.70%	$101,183	-7.98%	$64,707	-8.25%	-16.71%	-1.18%	-0.86%
2022	7	9.21%	$67,974	4.85%	$106,093	9.31%	$70,729	9.21%	18.57%	-3.50%	2.96%
2022	8	-4.08%	$65,201	-4.96%	$100,836	-6.02%	$66,470	-4.08%	-8.72%	-2.14%	-3.89%
2022	9	-9.24%	$59,175	-9.06%	$91,702	-10.57%	$59,447	-9.24%	-18.35%	-2.57%	-4.73%
2022	10	8.13%	$63,985	4.52%	$95,845	5.21%	$62,544	8.13%	15.59%	-1.96%	-1.46%
2022	11	5.56%	$67,542	8.32%	$103,822	6.47%	$66,590	5.56%	10.26%	6.99%	3.61%
2022	12	-5.76%	$63,653	-2.92%	$100,786	-6.11%	$62,522	-5.76%	-11.87%	3.44%	-1.49%
2023	1	6.29%	$67,656	9.07%	$109,923	7.82%	$67,411	6.29%	12.06%	6.07%	3.58%
2023	2	-2.51%	$65,955	-5.35%	$104,041	-4.45%	$64,414	-2.51%	-5.53%	-5.16%	-3.27%
2023	3	3.71%	$68,403	7.48%	$111,820	5.15%	$67,733	3.71%	6.51%	8.50%	3.72%
2023	4	1.60%	$69,496	1.34%	$113,317	1.69%	$68,876	1.60%	2.50%	0.14%	0.81%
2023	5	0.46%	$69,817	-0.41%	$112,857	-0.64%	$68,434	0.46%	0.08%	-0.92%	-1.44%

Returns Based Style Analysis

Returns Based Style Analysis
Style Category	SPY	50/50 2x SPY/Gold	50/50 2x SPY/IEF
Large-cap Value	46.77%	13.92%	31.47%
Large-cap Growth	52.74%	52.36%	53.28%
Mid-cap Value	0.00%	8.09%	3.59%
Mid-cap Growth	0.23%	0.00%	0.00%
Small-cap Value	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Small-cap Growth	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Global ex-US Developed Markets	0.00%	0.00%	3.38%
Emerging Markets	0.04%	23.01%	0.00%
Corporate Bonds	0.06%	0.00%	0.00%
Long-Term Treasuries	0.00%	2.62%	8.27%
Intermediate-Term Treasuries	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Short-Term Treasuries	0.15%	0.00%	0.00%
R Squared	99.91%	80.83%	97.54%
Style analysis is based on monthly returns from April 2005 to May 2023 and uses total portfolio return with monthly rebalancing. Returns based style analysis aims to explain the portfolio returns based on asset class exposures, it does not identify the actual portfolio holdings.

Holdings Based Style Analysis for SPY

Holdings Based Style Analysis for SPY
Ticker	Name	Category	Weight	Yield		Expense Ratio		P/E	Contribution
Ticker	Name	Category	Weight	SEC	TTM	Net	Gross	P/E	Return	Risk
SPY	SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust	Large Blend	100.00%	1.51%	1.55%	0.09%	0.09%	21.21	$59,817	100.00%

Asset Allocation

Equity Market Capitalization

Equity Sectors

Holdings Based Style Analysis for 50/50 2x SPY/IEF

Holdings Based Style Analysis for 50/50 2x SPY/IEF
Ticker	Name	Category	Weight	Yield		Expense Ratio		P/E	Duration	Contribution
Ticker	Name	Category	Weight	SEC	TTM	Net	Gross	P/E	Duration	Return	Risk
ULPIX	ProFunds UltraBull Inv	Leveraged Equity	50.00%			1.46%	1.46%	20.34		$53,119	97.67%
IEF	iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF	Long Government	50.00%	3.34%	2.16%	0.15%	0.15%		7.68	$5,314	2.33%
			100.00%	1.67%	1.08%	0.80%	0.80%	20.34	7.68	$58,434	100.00%

Asset Allocation

Equity Market Capitalization

Equity Sectors

Fixed Income Credit Quality

Fixed Income Maturity

Fund fundamentals data as of 05/31/2023. (c) 2023 Morningstar. All Rights Reserved. The fund fundamentals information contained herein: (1) is proprietary to Morningstar and/or its content providers; (2) may not be copied or distributed; and (3) is not warranted to be accurate, complete or timely. Neither Morningstar nor its content providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use of this information.

Risk and Return Metrics

Portfolio return and risk metrics
Metric	SPY	50/50 2x SPY/Gold	50/50 2x SPY/IEF
Arithmetic Mean (monthly)	0.89%	1.11%	0.87%
Arithmetic Mean (annualized)	11.18%	14.22%	10.96%
Geometric Mean (monthly)	0.80%	0.99%	0.79%
Geometric Mean (annualized)	9.99%	12.60%	9.88%
Standard Deviation (monthly)	4.24%	4.88%	4.04%
Standard Deviation (annualized)	14.68%	16.92%	13.98%
Downside Deviation (monthly)	2.81%	3.05%	2.67%
Maximum Drawdown	-50.80%	-41.80%	-42.04%
Stock Market Correlation	1.00	0.85	0.95
Beta^(*)	0.96	0.95	0.88
Alpha (annualized)	0.21%	3.12%	0.91%
R²	99.16%	71.96%	91.07%
Sharpe Ratio	0.64	0.71	0.65
Sortino Ratio	0.95	1.13	0.97
Treynor Ratio (%)	9.72	12.78	10.42
Calmar Ratio	0.54	0.49	0.23
Active Return	-0.13%	2.49%	-0.23%
Tracking Error	1.46%	9.00%	4.56%
Information Ratio	-0.09	0.28	-0.05
Skewness	-0.60	-0.52	-0.63
Excess Kurtosis	1.42	2.27	0.88
Historical Value-at-Risk (5%)	6.96%	7.04%	6.46%
Analytical Value-at-Risk (5%)	6.08%	7.28%	6.20%
Conditional Value-at-Risk (5%)	9.51%	9.75%	9.11%
Upside Capture Ratio (%)	96.82	102.34	91.56
Downside Capture Ratio (%)	96.64	89.49	89.93
Safe Withdrawal Rate	9.14%	12.81%	9.89%
Perpetual Withdrawal Rate	6.88%	9.09%	6.79%
Positive Periods	164 out of 245 (66.94%)	149 out of 245 (60.82%)	158 out of 245 (64.49%)
Gain/Loss Ratio	0.84	1.17	0.96
^* US stock market is used as the benchmark for calculations. Value-at-risk metrics are monthly values.

Drawdowns

Historical Market Stress Periods

Drawdowns for Historical Market Stress Periods
Stress Period	Start	End	SPY	50/50 2x SPY/Gold	50/50 2x SPY/IEF
Subprime Crisis	Nov 2007	Mar 2009	-50.80%	-41.80%	-42.04%
COVID-19 Start	Jan 2020	Mar 2020	-19.43%	-19.25%	-16.69%

Drawdowns for SPY

Drawdowns for SPY (worst 10)
Rank	Start	End	Length	Recovery By	Recovery Time	Underwater Period	Drawdown
1	Nov 2007	Feb 2009	1 year 4 months	Mar 2012	3 years 1 month	4 years 5 months	-50.80%
2	Jan 2022	Sep 2022	9 months				-23.93%
3	Jan 2020	Mar 2020	3 months	Jul 2020	4 months	7 months	-19.43%
4	Oct 2018	Dec 2018	3 months	Apr 2019	4 months	7 months	-13.52%
5	Aug 2015	Sep 2015	2 months	May 2016	8 months	10 months	-8.48%
6	Apr 2012	May 2012	2 months	Aug 2012	3 months	5 months	-6.63%
7	May 2019	May 2019	1 month	Jun 2019	1 month	2 months	-6.38%
8	Feb 2018	Mar 2018	2 months	Jul 2018	4 months	6 months	-6.28%
9	Sep 2020	Oct 2020	2 months	Nov 2020	1 month	3 months	-6.14%
10	Sep 2021	Sep 2021	1 month	Oct 2021	1 month	2 months	-4.66%
Worst 10 drawdowns included above

Drawdowns for 50/50 2x SPY/Gold

Drawdowns for 50/50 2x SPY/Gold (worst 10)
Rank	Start	End	Length	Recovery By	Recovery Time	Underwater Period	Drawdown
1	Nov 2007	Feb 2009	1 year 4 months	Oct 2010	1 year 8 months	3 years	-41.80%
2	Jan 2022	Sep 2022	9 months				-26.63%
3	Feb 2020	Mar 2020	2 months	Jul 2020	4 months	6 months	-19.25%
4	Feb 2018	Dec 2018	11 months	Apr 2019	4 months	1 year 3 months	-14.58%
5	May 2011	Sep 2011	5 months	Jan 2012	4 months	9 months	-14.48%
6	Mar 2015	Sep 2015	7 months	Apr 2016	7 months	1 year 2 months	-12.79%
7	Apr 2012	May 2012	2 months	Sep 2012	4 months	6 months	-10.13%
8	Apr 2013	Jun 2013	3 months	Jul 2013	1 month	4 months	-8.73%
9	Sep 2020	Oct 2020	2 months	Dec 2020	2 months	4 months	-8.14%
10	Sep 2021	Sep 2021	1 month	Oct 2021	1 month	2 months	-7.22%
Worst 10 drawdowns included above

Drawdowns for 50/50 2x SPY/IEF

Drawdowns for 50/50 2x SPY/IEF (worst 10)
Rank	Start	End	Length	Recovery By	Recovery Time	Underwater Period	Drawdown
1	Nov 2007	Feb 2009	1 year 4 months	Jan 2011	1 year 11 months	3 years 3 months	-42.04%
2	Jan 2022	Sep 2022	9 months				-30.76%
3	Feb 2020	Mar 2020	2 months	Jul 2020	4 months	6 months	-16.69%
4	Sep 2018	Dec 2018	4 months	Apr 2019	4 months	8 months	-13.18%
5	May 2011	Sep 2011	5 months	Jan 2012	4 months	9 months	-11.91%
6	Jun 2015	Sep 2015	4 months	May 2016	8 months	1 year	-8.13%
7	Feb 2018	Apr 2018	3 months	Aug 2018	4 months	7 months	-7.47%
8	Sep 2020	Oct 2020	2 months	Nov 2020	1 month	3 months	-7.06%
9	Sep 2021	Sep 2021	1 month	Oct 2021	1 month	2 months	-6.23%
10	May 2019	May 2019	1 month	Jun 2019	1 month	2 months	-6.05%
Worst 10 drawdowns included above

Portfolio Assets

Performance statistics for portfolio components
Ticker	Name	CAGR	Stdev	Best Year	Worst Year	Max Drawdown	Sharpe Ratio	Sortino Ratio	Market Correlation
SPY	SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust	9.99%	14.68%	32.31%	-36.81%	-50.80%	0.64	0.95	1.00
ULPIX	ProFunds UltraBull Inv	12.34%	29.87%	68.23%	-67.30%	-81.36%	0.50	0.73	1.00
^GOLD	Gold Price Index	8.86%	17.05%	31.92%	-27.33%	-41.55%	0.51	0.81	0.08
IEF	iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF	3.48%	6.60%	17.91%	-15.19%	-21.22%	0.36	0.56	-0.14

Portfolio Asset Performance

Performance of portfolio assets
Name	Total Return			Annualized Return			Expense Ratio
Name	3 Month	Year To Date	1 year	3 year	5 year	10 year	Net	Gross
SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust	5.86%	9.68%	2.92%	12.87%	10.94%	11.90%	0.09%	0.09%
ProFunds UltraBull Inv	9.25%	15.65%	-4.40%	18.71%	12.76%	17.34%	1.46%	1.46%
Gold Price Index	7.66%	8.31%	6.84%	4.35%	8.52%	3.49%
iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF	3.07%	3.26%	-2.93%	-5.73%	0.77%	1.06%	0.15%	0.15%
Trailing returns as of last calendar month ending May 2023

Monthly Correlations

Correlations for the portfolio assets
Ticker	Name	SPY	ULPIX	^GOLD	IEF	SPY	50/50 2x SPY/Gold	50/50 2x SPY/IEF
SPY	SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust	1.00	1.00	0.07	-0.13	1.00	0.85	0.96
ULPIX	ProFunds UltraBull Inv	1.00	1.00	0.06	-0.14	1.00	0.85	0.96
^GOLD	Gold Price Index	0.07	0.06	1.00	0.29	0.07	0.57	0.13
IEF	iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF	-0.13	-0.14	0.29	1.00	-0.13	0.04	0.10

Portfolio Return Decomposition

Portfolio return decomposition
Ticker	Name	SPY	50/50 2x SPY/Gold	50/50 2x SPY/IEF
SPY	SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust	$59,817
ULPIX	ProFunds UltraBull Inv		$71,964	$53,119
^GOLD	Gold Price Index		$30,893
IEF	iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF			$5,314
Return attribution decomposes portfolio gains into its constituent parts and identifies the contribution to returns by each of the assets.

Portfolio Risk Decomposition

Portfolio risk decomposition
Ticker	Name	SPY	50/50 2x SPY/Gold	50/50 2x SPY/IEF
SPY	SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust	100.00%
ULPIX	ProFunds UltraBull Inv		72.25%	97.67%
^GOLD	Gold Price Index		27.75%
IEF	iShares 7-10 Year Treasury Bond ETF			2.33%
Risk attribution decomposes portfolio risk into its constituent parts and identifies the contribution to overall volatility by each of the assets.

Annual Asset Returns

Rolling Returns

Rolling returns summary
Roll Period	SPY			50/50 2x SPY/Gold			50/50 2x SPY/IEF
Roll Period	Average	High	Low	Average	High	Low	Average	High	Low
1 year	10.97%	56.25%	-43.44%	13.62%	57.56%	-39.72%	10.77%	47.97%	-35.19%
3 years	10.15%	25.99%	-15.09%	12.79%	32.46%	-7.14%	10.40%	25.60%	-10.92%
5 years	9.50%	22.86%	-6.67%	11.87%	24.53%	0.88%	10.12%	23.08%	-4.69%
7 years	9.92%	17.14%	2.23%	12.05%	17.60%	8.58%	10.63%	17.62%	4.19%
10 years	10.45%	16.55%	6.36%	12.12%	16.18%	8.62%	11.17%	16.28%	8.06%
15 years	9.30%	10.82%	7.50%	11.69%	13.54%	9.41%	10.01%	11.76%	8.24%

Backtest Portfolio Asset Allocation

Portfolio Backtesting Overview

Portfolio Model Configuration

Portfolio Analysis Results (Jan 2003 - May 2023)

SPY

50/50 2x SPY/Gold

50/50 2x SPY/IEF

Performance Summary

Portfolio Growth

Annual Returns

Trailing Returns

Annual Returns

Monthly Returns

Returns Based Style Analysis

Holdings Based Style Analysis for SPY

Asset Allocation

Equity Market Capitalization

Equity Sectors

Holdings Based Style Analysis for 50/50 2x SPY/IEF

Asset Allocation

Equity Market Capitalization

Equity Sectors

Fixed Income Credit Quality

Fixed Income Maturity

Risk and Return Metrics

Drawdowns

Historical Market Stress Periods

Drawdowns for SPY

Drawdowns for 50/50 2x SPY/Gold

Drawdowns for 50/50 2x SPY/IEF

Portfolio Assets

Portfolio Asset Performance

Monthly Correlations

Portfolio Return Decomposition

Portfolio Risk Decomposition

Annual Asset Returns

Rolling Returns

Annualized Rolling Return - 3 Years

Annualized Rolling Return - 5 Years