Backtest Portfolio Asset Allocation

Portfolio Model Configuration

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Asset Allocation

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Portfolio Analysis Results (Oct 2019 - Dec 2022)

100% VPU

Ticker Name Allocation
VPU Vanguard Utilities ETF 100.00%
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100% VDC

Ticker Name Allocation
VDC Vanguard Consumer Staples ETF 100.00%
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100% AVUV

Ticker Name Allocation
AVUV Avantis US Small Cap Value ETF 100.00%
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Performance Summary

Portfolio performance statistics
PortfolioInitial BalanceFinal BalanceCAGRStdevBest YearWorst YearMax. DrawdownSharpe RatioSortino RatioMarket Correlation
100% VPU$10,000$11,791 5.20% 18.76%17.37%-0.76%-19.07% 0.320.470.63
100% VDC$10,000$13,268 9.09% 15.61%17.61%-1.80%-14.16% 0.580.990.79
100% AVUV$10,000$15,641 14.76% 31.07%42.23%-4.90%-42.43% 0.580.850.87

Portfolio Growth

   

Annual Returns

Trailing Returns

Trailing Returns
NameTotal ReturnAnnualized ReturnAnnualized Standard Deviation
3 MonthYear To Date1 year3 yearFull3 year
100% VPU8.64%1.04%1.04%5.58%5.20%19.41%
100% VDC12.35%-1.80%-1.80%8.58%9.09%16.21%
100% AVUV13.29%-4.90%-4.90%12.90%14.76%32.34%
Trailing return and volatility are as of last calendar month ending December 2022
Notes and Disclosures
  • IMPORTANT: The projections or other information generated by Portfolio Visualizer regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results and are not guarantees of future results. Results may vary with each use and over time.
  • The results do not constitute investment advice or recommendation, are provided solely for informational purposes, and are not an offer to buy or sell any securities. All use is subject to terms of service.
  • Investing involves risk, including possible loss of principal. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results.
  • Asset allocation and diversification strategies do not guarantee a profit or protect against a loss.
  • Hypothetical returns do not reflect trading costs, transaction fees, commissions, or actual taxes due on investment returns.
  • The results are based on information from a variety of sources we consider reliable, but we do not represent that the information is accurate or complete.
  • Refer to the related documentation sections for more details on terms and definitions, methodology, and data sources.
  • Portfolio model information represents a blended portfolio consisting of the model's underlying positions and assigned weights provided by the user and rebalanced at the specified schedule. The results were constructed using net of fee mutual fund performance. Portfolio Visualizer does not provide preferential treatment to any specific security or investment.
  • The results are based on the total return of assets and assume that all received dividends and distributions are reinvested.
  • Market capitalization refers to the total value of all a company's shares of stock. It is calculated by multiplying the price of a stock by its total number of outstanding shares. Large cap refers to a company with a market capitalization value of more than $10 billion, mid cap refers to a company with a market capitalization value between $2 and $10 billion, and small cap refers to a company with a market capitalization value below $2 billion. For funds and portfolios the equity market capitalization is calculated based on the long position of the equity holdings.
  • Credit quality measures the ability of a bond issuer to repay a bond's interest and principal in a timely manner. Ratings agencies research the financial health of each bond issuer and assign ratings to the bonds being offered. Lower-rated bonds generally offer higher yields to compensate investors for the additional risk. AAA is the highest possible rating that may be assigned to an issuer's bonds by any of the major credit rating agencies. Bonds rated AAA to AA are known as high-grade bonds, bonds rated A to BBB are known as medium-grade bonds, and bonds rated BB to C are known as non-investment grade bonds. An issuer will receive a rating of D if it is already in default on some of its debt. For funds and portfolios the fixed income credit quality break-down is calculated based on the long position of the fixed income holdings.
  • A fixed income maturity date refers to the specific date on which the investor's principal will be repaid. Duration measures a bond's or fixed income portfolio's price sensitivity to interest rate changes. If a bond has a duration of 5 years, and interest rates increase by 1%, the bond's price will decline by approximately 5%. Conversely, if a bond has a duration of 5 years and interest rates fall by 1%, the bond's price will increase by approximately 5%. A fixed income portfolio's duration is computed as the weighted average of individual bond durations held in the portfolio.
  • Compound annualized growth rate (CAGR) is the annualized geometric mean return of the portfolio. It is calculated from the portfolio start and end balance and is thus impacted by any cashflows.
  • The time-weighted rate of return (TWRR) is a measure of the compound rate of growth in a portfolio. This is calculated from the holding period returns (e.g. monthly returns), and TWRR will thus not be impacted by cashflows. If there are no external cashflows, TWRR will equal CAGR.
  • The money-weighted rate of return (MWRR) is the internal rate of return (IRR) taking into account cashflows. This is the discount rate at which the present value of cash inflows equals the present value of cash outflows.
  • Total return is the combined return in income and capital appreciation from investment in an asset. Yield measures the current cash income received from investment in an asset. Bonds provide yield in the form of interest payments and stocks through dividends.
  • Standard deviation (Stdev) is used to measure the dispersion of returns around the mean and is often used as a measure of risk. A higher standard deviation implies greater the dispersion of data points around the mean.
  • Sharpe Ratio is a measure of risk-adjusted performance of the portfolio, and it is calculated by dividing the mean monthly excess return of the portfolio over the risk-free rate by the standard deviation of excess return, and the displayed value is annualized.
  • Sortino Ratio is a measure of risk-adjusted return which is a modification of the Sharpe Ratio. While the latter is the ratio of average returns in excess of a risk-free rate divided by the standard deviation of those excess returns, the Sortino Ratio has the same denominator divided by the standard deviation of returns below the risk-free rate.
  • Treynor Ratio is a measure of risk-adjusted performance of the portfolio. It is similar to the Sharpe Ratio, but it uses portfolio beta (systematic risk) as the risk metric in the denominator.
  • Calmar Ratio is a measure of risk-adjusted performance of the portfolio. It is calculated as the annualized return over the past 36 months divided by the maximum drawdown over the past 36 months based on monthly returns.
  • Risk-free returns are calculated based on the Federal Reserve 3-Month Treasury Bill (secondary market) rates.
  • Downside deviation measures the downside volatility of the portfolio returns unlike standard deviation, which includes both upside and downside deviations. Downside deviation is calculated based on negative returns that hurt the portfolio performance.
  • Correlation measures to what degree the returns of the two assets move in relation to each other. Correlation coefficient is a numerical value between -1 and +1. If one variable goes up by a certain amount, the correlation coefficient indicates which way the other variable moves and by how much. Asset correlations are calculated based on monthly returns.
  • Skewness is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution or returns from a normal Gaussian distribution shape about its mean. Negative skewness is associated with the left (typically negative returns) tail of the distribution extending further than the right tail; and positive skewness is associated with the right (typically positive returns) tail of the distribution extending further than the left tail.
  • Excess kurtosis is a measure of whether a data distribution is peaked or flat relative to a normal distribution. Distributions with high kurtosis tend to have a distinct peak near the mean, decline rather rapidly, and have heavy or fat tails.
  • A drawdown refers to the decline in value of a single investment or an investment portfolio from a relative peak value to a relative trough. A maximum drawdown (Max Drawdown) is the maximum observed loss from a peak to a trough of a portfolio before a new peak is attained. Drawdown values are calculated based on monthly returns.
  • Value at Risk (VaR) measures the scale of loss at a given confidence level. For example, if the 95% confidence one-month VaR is 3%, there is 95% confidence that over the next month the portfolio will not lose more than 3%. Value at Risk can be calculated directly based on historical returns based on a given percentile or analytically based on the mean and standard deviation of the returns.
  • Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) measures the scale of the expected loss once the specific Value at Risk (VaR) breakpoint has been breached, i.e., it calculates the average tail loss by taking a weighted average between the value at risk and losses exceeding the value at risk.
  • Beta is a measure of systematic risk and measures the volatility of a particular investment relative to the market or its benchmark. Alpha measures the active return of the investment compared to the market benchmark return. R-squared is the percentage of a portfolio's movements that can be explained by movements in the selected benchmark index.
  • Active return is the investment return minus the return of its benchmark. For periods longer than 12 months this is displayed as annualized value, i.e., annualized investment return minus annualized benchmark return.
  • Tracking error, also known as active risk, is the standard deviation of active return. This is displayed as annualized value based on the standard deviation of monthly active returns.
  • Information ratio is the active return divided by the tracking error. It measures whether the investment outperformed its benchmark consistently.
  • Gain/Loss ratio is a measure of downside risk, and it is calculated as the average positive return in up periods divided by the average negative return in down periods.
  • Upside Capture Ratio measures how well the fund performed relative to the benchmark when the market was up, and Downside Capture Ratio measures how well the fund performed relative to the benchmark when the market was down. An upside capture ratio greater than 100 would indicate that the fund outperformed its benchmark when the market was up, and a downside capture ratio below 100 would indicate that the fund lost less than its benchmark when the market was down. To calculate upside capture ratio a new series from the portfolio returns is constructed by dropping all time periods where the benchmark return is less than equal to zero. The up capture is then the quotient of the annualized return of the resulting manager series, divided by the annualized return of the resulting benchmark series. The downside capture ratio is calculated analogously.
  • All risk measures for the portfolio and portfolio assets are calculated based on monthly returns.
  • Gross expense ratio reflects the total annual operating expenses paid by each fund. Net expense ratio reflects what investors were charged after waivers, reductions, and reimbursements.
  • Price to earnings (P/E) ratio of a stock is calculated by dividing the current price of the stock by its trailing 12 months' earnings per share. For funds the price to earnings ratio is computed as the weighted average of fund holdings.
  • The annual results for 2019 are based on monthly returns from October to December.
  • The results assume annual rebalancing of portfolio assets to match the specified allocation.
  • Portfolio cashflows and rebalancing for quarterly and annual periods are aligned with calendar periods.

Annual Returns

Annual returns for the configured portfolios
YearInflation100% VPU100% VDC100% AVUVVanguard Utilities ETF (VPU)Vanguard Consumer Staples ETF (VDC)Avantis US Small Cap Value ETF (AVUV)
ReturnBalanceReturnBalanceReturnBalance
20190.08%0.19%$10,0193.65%$10,3658.69%$10,8690.19%3.65%8.69%
20201.36%-0.76%$9,94310.84%$11,4886.39%$11,564-0.76%10.84%6.39%
20217.04%17.37%$11,67017.61%$13,51142.23%$16,44717.37%17.61%42.23%
20226.45%1.04%$11,791-1.80%$13,268-4.90%$15,6411.04%-1.80%-4.90%
Annual return for 2019 is from 10/01/2019 to 12/31/2019

Monthly Returns

Monthly returns for the configured portfolios
YearMonth100% VPU100% VDC100% AVUVVanguard Utilities ETF (VPU)Vanguard Consumer Staples ETF (VDC)Avantis US Small Cap Value ETF (AVUV)
ReturnBalanceReturnBalanceReturnBalance
201910-0.86%$9,914-0.46%$9,9542.13%$10,213-0.86%-0.46%2.13%
201911-1.98%$9,7171.46%$10,0992.41%$10,458-1.98%1.46%2.41%
2019123.11%$10,0192.63%$10,3653.93%$10,8693.11%2.63%3.93%
202016.10%$10,630-0.52%$10,311-8.75%$9,9186.10%-0.52%-8.75%
20202-9.99%$9,568-8.12%$9,474-11.27%$8,800-9.99%-8.12%-11.27%
20203-10.09%$8,603-6.08%$8,898-28.89%$6,257-10.09%-6.08%-28.89%
202043.23%$8,8817.36%$9,55320.53%$7,5423.23%7.36%20.53%
202054.31%$9,2642.14%$9,7574.93%$7,9144.31%2.14%4.93%
20206-4.86%$8,813-0.18%$9,7393.24%$8,170-4.86%-0.18%3.24%
202077.24%$9,4516.91%$10,4122.69%$8,3907.24%6.91%2.69%
20208-2.54%$9,2114.65%$10,8958.32%$9,088-2.54%4.65%8.32%
202090.58%$9,264-1.85%$10,693-4.62%$8,6670.58%-1.85%-4.62%
2020104.89%$9,717-2.35%$10,4424.69%$9,0744.89%-2.35%4.69%
2020111.43%$9,8567.90%$11,26818.34%$10,7391.43%7.90%18.34%
2020120.89%$9,9431.96%$11,4887.68%$11,5640.89%1.96%7.68%
20211-1.04%$9,839-4.10%$11,0175.15%$12,160-1.04%-4.10%5.15%
20212-5.54%$9,295-0.65%$10,94513.20%$13,765-5.54%-0.65%13.20%
2021310.30%$10,2518.14%$11,8367.12%$14,74510.30%8.14%7.12%
202143.78%$10,6391.83%$12,0532.34%$15,0903.78%1.83%2.34%
20215-2.34%$10,3901.83%$12,2744.84%$15,821-2.34%1.83%4.84%
20216-1.86%$10,196-0.69%$12,189-1.68%$15,556-1.86%-0.69%-1.68%
202173.92%$10,5961.64%$12,389-3.43%$15,0213.92%1.64%-3.43%
202183.70%$10,9891.14%$12,5302.88%$15,4533.70%1.14%2.88%
20219-6.17%$10,311-3.93%$12,0370.29%$15,498-6.17%-3.93%0.29%
2021105.12%$10,8393.60%$12,4714.03%$16,1235.12%3.60%4.03%
202111-1.59%$10,666-1.43%$12,293-2.08%$15,787-1.59%-1.43%-2.08%
2021129.42%$11,6709.91%$13,5114.18%$16,4479.42%9.91%4.18%
20221-3.36%$11,278-2.07%$13,232-3.15%$15,929-3.36%-2.07%-3.15%
20222-1.87%$11,068-1.00%$13,0992.02%$16,251-1.87%-1.00%2.02%
202239.80%$12,1521.48%$13,2941.64%$16,5179.80%1.48%1.64%
20224-4.38%$11,6202.14%$13,579-5.92%$15,539-4.38%2.14%-5.92%
202254.51%$12,145-4.26%$13,0004.49%$16,2364.51%-4.26%4.49%
20226-5.09%$11,526-2.63%$12,659-12.55%$14,199-5.09%-2.63%-12.55%
202275.71%$12,1843.43%$13,09310.80%$15,7325.71%3.43%10.80%
202280.29%$12,219-1.56%$12,889-2.24%$15,3790.29%-1.56%-2.24%
20229-11.17%$10,854-8.37%$11,810-10.23%$13,806-11.17%-8.37%-10.23%
2022102.45%$11,1209.41%$12,92115.59%$15,9582.45%9.41%15.59%
2022117.04%$11,9026.19%$13,7215.35%$16,8127.04%6.19%5.35%
202212-0.93%$11,791-3.30%$13,268-6.97%$15,641-0.93%-3.30%-6.97%

Returns Based Style Analysis

Returns Based Style Analysis
Style Category100% AVUV
Large-cap Value0.00%
Large-cap Growth0.00%
Mid-cap Value12.53%
Mid-cap Growth0.00%
Small-cap Value87.47%
Small-cap Growth0.00%
Global ex-US Developed Markets0.00%
Emerging Markets0.00%
Corporate Bonds0.00%
Long-Term Treasuries0.00%
Intermediate-Term Treasuries0.00%
Short-Term Treasuries0.00%
R Squared95.73%
Style analysis is based on monthly returns from October 2019 to December 2022 and uses total portfolio return with monthly rebalancing. Returns based style analysis aims to explain the portfolio returns based on asset class exposures, it does not identify the actual portfolio holdings.

Holdings Based Style Analysis for 100% VPU

Holdings Based Style Analysis for 100% VPU
TickerNameCategoryWeightYieldExpense RatioP/EContribution
SECTTMNetGrossReturnRisk
VPUVanguard Utilities ETFUtilities100.00%3.38%3.47%0.10%0.10%18.68$1,791100.00%
Asset Allocation
Equity Market Capitalization
Equity Sectors

Holdings Based Style Analysis for 100% VDC

Holdings Based Style Analysis for 100% VDC
TickerNameCategoryWeightYieldExpense RatioP/EContribution
SECTTMNetGrossReturnRisk
VDCVanguard Consumer Staples ETFConsumer Defensive100.00%2.36%2.51%0.10%0.10%23.37$3,268100.00%
Asset Allocation
Equity Market Capitalization
Equity Sectors

Holdings Based Style Analysis for 100% AVUV

Holdings Based Style Analysis for 100% AVUV
TickerNameCategoryWeightYieldExpense RatioP/EContribution
SECTTMNetGrossReturnRisk
AVUVAvantis US Small Cap Value ETFSmall Value100.00%1.53%1.80%0.25%0.25%7.68$5,641100.00%
Asset Allocation
Equity Market Capitalization
Equity Sectors

Fund fundamentals data as of 09/27/2023. (c) 2023 Morningstar. All Rights Reserved. The fund fundamentals information contained herein: (1) is proprietary to Morningstar and/or its content providers; (2) may not be copied or distributed; and (3) is not warranted to be accurate, complete or timely. Neither Morningstar nor its content providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use of this information.

Risk and Return Metrics

Portfolio return and risk metrics
Metric100% VPU100% VDC100% AVUV
Arithmetic Mean (monthly)0.57%0.83%1.56%
Arithmetic Mean (annualized)7.02%10.37%20.47%
Geometric Mean (monthly)0.42%0.73%1.15%
Geometric Mean (annualized)5.20%9.09%14.76%
Standard Deviation (monthly)5.42%4.51%8.97%
Standard Deviation (annualized)18.76%15.61%31.07%
Downside Deviation (monthly)3.59%2.59%6.08%
Maximum Drawdown-19.07%-14.16%-42.43%
Stock Market Correlation0.630.790.87
Beta(*)0.570.591.29
Alpha (annualized)0.60%3.46%4.63%
R240.16%62.56%76.05%
Sharpe Ratio0.320.580.58
Sortino Ratio0.470.990.85
Treynor Ratio (%)10.5715.4613.92
Calmar Ratio0.290.610.30
Active Return-3.97%-0.08%5.59%
Tracking Error17.15%12.91%16.37%
Information Ratio-0.23-0.010.34
Skewness-0.260.15-0.77
Excess Kurtosis-0.38-0.242.69
Historical Value-at-Risk (5%)10.00%6.29%11.40%
Analytical Value-at-Risk (5%)8.34%6.59%13.19%
Conditional Value-at-Risk (5%)10.63%8.25%20.72%
Upside Capture Ratio (%)48.3667.59124.62
Downside Capture Ratio (%)54.0064.48106.48
Safe Withdrawal Rate25.44%28.38%31.28%
Perpetual Withdrawal Rate0.50%3.39%7.28%
Positive Periods21 out of 39 (53.85%)20 out of 39 (51.28%)26 out of 39 (66.67%)
Gain/Loss Ratio1.111.520.80
* US stock market is used as the benchmark for calculations. Value-at-risk metrics are monthly values.

Drawdowns

Historical Market Stress Periods

Drawdowns for Historical Market Stress Periods
Stress PeriodStartEnd100% VPU100% VDC100% AVUV
COVID-19 StartJan 2020Mar 2020-19.07%-14.16%-42.43%

Drawdowns for 100% VPU

Drawdowns for 100% VPU
RankStartEndLengthRecovery ByRecovery TimeUnderwater PeriodDrawdown
1Feb 2020Mar 20202 monthsApr 20211 year 1 month1 year 3 months-19.07%
2Sep 2022Sep 20221 month-11.17%
3Sep 2021Sep 20211 monthDec 20213 months4 months-6.17%
4Jan 2022Feb 20222 monthsMar 20221 month3 months-5.16%
5Apr 2022Jun 20223 monthsJul 20221 month4 months-5.15%
6May 2021Jun 20212 monthsAug 20212 months4 months-4.16%
7Oct 2019Nov 20192 monthsDec 20191 month3 months-2.83%

Drawdowns for 100% VDC

Drawdowns for 100% VDC
RankStartEndLengthRecovery ByRecovery TimeUnderwater PeriodDrawdown
1Jan 2020Mar 20203 monthsJul 20204 months7 months-14.16%
2May 2022Sep 20225 monthsNov 20222 months7 months-13.03%
3Jan 2021Feb 20212 monthsMar 20211 month3 months-4.73%
4Sep 2020Oct 20202 monthsNov 20201 month3 months-4.16%
5Sep 2021Sep 20211 monthDec 20213 months4 months-3.93%
6Dec 2022Dec 20221 month-3.30%
7Jan 2022Feb 20222 monthsApr 20222 months4 months-3.05%
8Jun 2021Jun 20211 monthJul 20211 month2 months-0.69%
9Oct 2019Oct 20191 monthNov 20191 month2 months-0.46%

Drawdowns for 100% AVUV

Drawdowns for 100% AVUV
RankStartEndLengthRecovery ByRecovery TimeUnderwater PeriodDrawdown
1Jan 2020Mar 20203 monthsDec 20209 months1 year-42.43%
2Apr 2022Sep 20226 monthsNov 20222 months8 months-16.41%
3Dec 2022Dec 20221 month-6.97%
4Jun 2021Jul 20212 monthsOct 20213 months5 months-5.06%
5Jan 2022Jan 20221 monthMar 20222 months3 months-3.15%
6Nov 2021Nov 20211 monthDec 20211 month2 months-2.08%

Portfolio Assets

Performance statistics for portfolio components
TickerNameCAGRStdevBest YearWorst YearMax DrawdownSharpe RatioSortino RatioMarket Correlation
VPUVanguard Utilities ETF5.20%18.76%17.37%-0.76%-19.07%0.320.470.63
VDCVanguard Consumer Staples ETF9.09%15.61%17.61%-1.80%-14.16%0.580.990.79
AVUVAvantis US Small Cap Value ETF14.76%31.07%42.23%-4.90%-42.43%0.580.850.87

Portfolio Asset Performance

Performance of portfolio assets
NameTotal ReturnAnnualized ReturnExpense Ratio
3 MonthYear To Date1 year3 yearNetGross
Vanguard Utilities ETF8.64%1.04%1.04%5.58%0.10%0.10%
Vanguard Consumer Staples ETF12.35%-1.80%-1.80%8.58%0.10%0.10%
Avantis US Small Cap Value ETF13.29%-4.90%-4.90%12.90%0.25%0.25%
Trailing returns as of last calendar month ending December 2022

Monthly Correlations

Correlations for the portfolio assets
TickerNameVPUVDCAVUV100% VPU100% VDC100% AVUV
VPUVanguard Utilities ETF1.000.680.481.000.680.48
VDCVanguard Consumer Staples ETF0.681.000.680.681.000.68
AVUVAvantis US Small Cap Value ETF0.480.681.000.480.681.00

Portfolio Return Decomposition

Portfolio return decomposition
TickerName100% VPU100% VDC100% AVUV
VPUVanguard Utilities ETF$1,791
VDCVanguard Consumer Staples ETF$3,268
AVUVAvantis US Small Cap Value ETF$5,641
Return attribution decomposes portfolio gains into its constituent parts and identifies the contribution to returns by each of the assets.

Portfolio Risk Decomposition

Portfolio risk decomposition
TickerName100% VPU100% VDC100% AVUV
VPUVanguard Utilities ETF100.00%
VDCVanguard Consumer Staples ETF100.00%
AVUVAvantis US Small Cap Value ETF100.00%
Risk attribution decomposes portfolio risk into its constituent parts and identifies the contribution to overall volatility by each of the assets.

Annual Asset Returns