This portfolio backtesting tool allows you to construct one or more portfolios based on the selected asset class level allocations in order to analyze and backtest portfolio returns, risk characteristics, drawdowns, and rolling returns. You can compare up to three different portfolios against the selected benchmark, and you can also specify any periodic contribution or withdrawal cashflows and the preferred portfolio rebalancing strategy.
You can also use the portfolio backtesting tool to build and compare portfolios based on specific mutual funds, ETFs, and stocks.
* The number in parentheses shows the calculated value taking into account the periodic withdrawals.
Trailing Returns
Trailing Returns
Name
Total Return
Annualized Return
Annualized Standard Deviation
3 Month
Year To Date
1 year
3 year
5 year
Full
3 year
5 year
Portfolio 1
0.46%
15.98%
15.98%
22.53%
19.04%
15.65%
13.99%
11.53%
Portfolio 2
8.91%
33.15%
33.15%
21.51%
17.01%
8.59%
17.45%
15.64%
Portfolio 3
3.32%
13.52%
13.52%
11.71%
12.35%
8.49%
11.68%
9.99%
Trailing return and volatility are as of last full calendar month ending December 1980
Notes on results:
IMPORTANT: The projections or other information generated by Portfolio Visualizer regarding the likelihood of various investment outcomes are hypothetical in nature, do not reflect actual investment results and are not guarantees of future results. Results may vary with each use and over time.
The results do not constitute investment advice or recommendation, are provided solely for informational purposes, and are not an offer to buy or sell any securities. All use is subject to terms of service.
Investing involves risk, including possible loss of principal. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results.
Asset allocation and diversification strategies do not guarantee a profit or protect against a loss.
Hypothetical returns do not reflect trading costs, transaction fees, commissions, or actual taxes due on investment returns.
The results are based on information from a variety of sources we consider reliable, but we do not represent that the information is accurate or complete.
Portfolio model information represents a blended portfolio consisting of the model's underlying positions and assigned weights provided by the user and rebalanced at the specified schedule. The results were constructed using net of fee mutual fund performance. Portfolio Visualizer does not provide preferential treatment to any specific security or investment.
The results are based on the total return of assets and assume that all received dividends and distributions are reinvested.
Compound annualized growth rate (CAGR) is the annualized geometric mean return of the portfolio. It is calculated from the portfolio start and end balance and is thus impacted by any cashflows.
The time-weighted rate of return (TWRR) is a measure of the compound rate of growth in a portfolio. This is calculated from the holding period returns (e.g. monthly returns), and TWRR will thus not be impacted by cashflows. If there are no external cashflows, TWRR will equal CAGR.
The money-weighted rate of return (MWRR) is the internal rate of return (IRR) taking into account cashflows. This is the discount rate at which the present value of cash inflows equals the present value of cash outflows.
Standard deviation (Stdev) is used to measure the dispersion of returns around the mean and is often used as a measure of risk. A higher standard deviation implies greater the dispersion of data points around the mean.
Sharpe Ratio is a measure of risk-adjusted performance of the portfolio, and it is calculated by dividing the mean monthly excess return of the portfolio over the risk-free rate by the standard deviation of excess return, and the displayed value is annualized.
Sortino Ratio is a measure of risk-adjusted return which is a modification of the Sharpe Ratio. While the latter is the ratio of average returns in excess of a risk-free rate divided by the standard deviation of those excess returns, the Sortino Ratio has the same denominator divided by the standard deviation of returns below the risk-free rate.
Treynor Ratio is a measure of risk-adjusted performance of the portfolio. It is similar to the Sharpe Ratio, but it uses portfolio beta (systematic risk) as the risk metric in the denominator.
Calmar Ratio is a measure of risk-adjusted performance of the portfolio. It is calculated as the annualized return over the past 36 months divided by the maximum drawdown over the past 36 months based on monthly returns.
Risk-free returns are calculated based on the Federal Reserve 3-Month Treasury Bill (secondary market) rates.
Downside deviation measures the downside volatility of the portfolio returns unlike standard deviation, which includes both upside and downside deviations. Downside deviation is calculated based on negative returns that hurt the portfolio performance.
Correlation measures to what degree the returns of the two assets move in relation to each other. Correlation coefficient is a numerical value between -1 and +1. If one variable goes up by a certain amount, the correlation coefficient indicates which way the other variable moves and by how much. Asset correlations are calculated based on monthly returns.
Skewness is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution or returns from a normal Gaussian distribution shape about its mean. Negative skewness is associated with the left (typically negative returns) tail of the distribution extending further than the right tail; and positive skewness is associated with the right (typically positive returns) tail of the distribution extending further than the left tail.
Excess kurtosis is a measure of whether a data distribution is peaked or flat relative to a normal distribution. Distributions with high kurtosis tend to have a distinct peak near the mean, decline rather rapidly, and have heavy or fat tails.
A drawdown refers to the decline in value of a single investment or an investment portfolio from a relative peak value to a relative trough. A maximum drawdown (Max Drawdown) is the maximum observed loss from a peak to a trough of a portfolio before a new peak is attained. Drawdown values are calculated based on monthly returns.
Value at Risk (VaR) measures the scale of loss at a given confidence level. If the 5% VaR is -3% the portfolio return is expected to be greater than -3% 95% of the time and less than -3% 5% of the time. Value at Risk can be calculated directly based on historical returns based on a given percentile or analytically based on the mean and standard deviation of the returns.
Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) measures the scale of the expected loss once the specific Value at Risk (VaR) breakpoint has been breached, i.e., it calculates the average tail loss by taking a weighted average between the value at risk and losses exceeding the value at risk.
Beta is a measure of systematic risk and measures the volatility of a particular investment relative to the market or its benchmark. Alpha measures the active return of the investment compared to the market benchmark return. R-squared is the percentage of a portfolio's movements that can be explained by movements in the selected benchmark index.
Active return is the investment return minus the return of its benchmark. For periods longer than 12 months this is displayed as annualized value, i.e., annualized investment return minus annualized benchmark return.
Tracking error, also known as active risk, is the standard deviation of active return. This is displayed as annualized value based on the standard deviation of monthly active returns.
Information ratio is the active return divided by the tracking error. It measures whether the investment outperformed its benchmark consistently.
Gain/Loss ratio is a measure of downside risk, and it is calculated as the average positive return in up periods divided by the average negative return in down periods.
Upside Capture Ratio measures how well the fund performed relative to the benchmark when the market was up, and Downside Capture Ratio measures how well the fund performed relative to the benchmark when the market was down. An upside capture ratio greater than 100 would indicate that the fund outperformed its benchmark when the market was up, and a downside capture ratio below 100 would indicate that the fund lost less than its benchmark when the market was down. To calculate upside capture ratio a new series from the portfolio returns is constructed by dropping all time periods where the benchmark return is less than equal to zero. The up capture is then the quotient of the annualized return of the resulting manager series, divided by the annualized return of the resulting benchmark series. The downside capture ratio is calculated analogously.
All risk measures for the portfolio and portfolio assets are calculated based on monthly returns.
Drawdown analysis is calculated based on monthly returns excluding cashflows.
The results assume annual rebalancing of portfolio assets to match the specified allocation.
Inflation adjusted annual withdrawal of $40,000 was applied at the end of each period. This is reflected in the CAGR and maximum drawdown shown above.
Annual returns for the configured portfolios
Year
Inflation
Cashflow
Portfolio 1
Portfolio 2
Portfolio 3
US Stock Market
US Small Cap Value
Gold
Intermediate Term Treasury
Return
Balance
Return
Balance
Return
Balance
1972
3.41%
-$41,363
16.65%
$1,125,110
17.62%
$1,134,871
7.39%
$1,032,502
17.62%
11.15%
49.02%
2.72%
1973
8.71%
-$44,963
7.92%
$1,169,267
-18.18%
$883,535
-5.78%
$927,902
-18.18%
-24.12%
72.96%
4.47%
1974
12.34%
-$50,511
5.73%
$1,185,735
-27.81%
$587,273
-6.36%
$818,362
-27.81%
-21.09%
66.15%
5.70%
1975
6.94%
-$54,015
16.34%
$1,325,426
37.82%
$755,364
22.77%
$950,672
37.82%
53.94%
-24.80%
7.36%
1976
4.86%
-$56,642
20.93%
$1,546,207
26.47%
$898,663
24.50%
$1,126,955
26.47%
54.78%
-4.10%
13.75%
1977
6.70%
-$60,438
7.45%
$1,600,900
-3.36%
$808,032
3.13%
$1,101,739
-3.36%
15.88%
22.64%
1.04%
1978
9.02%
-$65,888
13.40%
$1,749,549
8.45%
$810,456
6.23%
$1,104,468
8.45%
19.25%
37.01%
1.15%
1979
13.29%
-$74,647
39.86%
$2,372,288
24.25%
$932,330
15.62%
$1,202,357
24.25%
37.80%
126.55%
5.35%
1980
12.52%
-$83,990
15.98%
$2,667,284
33.15%
$1,157,436
13.52%
$1,280,869
33.15%
25.77%
15.19%
2.88%
Portfolio return and risk metrics
Metric
Portfolio 1
Portfolio 2
Portfolio 3
Arithmetic Mean (monthly)
1.27%
0.81%
0.72%
Arithmetic Mean (annualized)
16.33%
10.17%
8.95%
Geometric Mean (monthly)
1.22%
0.69%
0.68%
Geometric Mean (annualized)
15.65%
8.59%
8.49%
Standard Deviation (monthly)
3.16%
4.95%
2.69%
Standard Deviation (annualized)
10.94%
17.16%
9.30%
Downside Deviation (monthly)
1.69%
3.07%
1.55%
Maximum Drawdown
-13.95%
-45.86%
-15.78%
Stock Market Correlation
0.69
1.00
0.84
Beta(*)
0.44
1.00
0.46
Alpha (annualized)
10.96%
0.00%
4.16%
R2
47.13%
100.00%
70.92%
Sharpe Ratio
0.74
0.15
0.16
Sortino Ratio
1.17
0.22
0.23
Treynor Ratio (%)
18.57
2.63
3.31
Calmar Ratio
1.61
1.80
1.19
Active Return
7.06%
0.00%
-0.10%
Tracking Error
12.50%
0.00%
10.59%
Information Ratio
0.56
N/A
-0.01
Skewness
-0.34
0.04
-0.04
Excess Kurtosis
1.07
1.25
1.69
Historical Value-at-Risk (5%)
-3.60%
-7.19%
-2.88%
Analytical Value-at-Risk (5%)
-3.93%
-7.34%
-3.70%
Conditional Value-at-Risk (5%)
-5.48%
-10.35%
-5.42%
Upside Capture Ratio (%)
68.45
100.00
51.91
Downside Capture Ratio (%)
25.54
100.00
37.66
Safe Withdrawal Rate
14.32%
8.91%
10.39%
Perpetual Withdrawal Rate
6.10%
0.00%
0.00%
Positive Periods
73 out of 108 (67.59%)
61 out of 108 (56.48%)
68 out of 108 (62.96%)
Gain/Loss Ratio
1.36
1.19
1.23
* US stock market is used as the benchmark for calculations. Value-at-risk metrics are based on monthly values.
Drawdowns for Historical Market Stress Periods
Drawdowns for Historical Market Stress Periods
Stress Period
Start
End
Portfolio 1
Portfolio 2
Portfolio 3
Oil Crisis
Oct 1973
Mar 1974
-3.79%
-12.61%
-4.56%
Drawdowns for Portfolio 1
Drawdowns for Portfolio 1 (worst 10)
Rank
Start
End
Length
Recovery By
Recovery Time
Underwater Period
Drawdown
1
Feb 1980
Mar 1980
2 months
Jun 1980
3 months
5 months
-13.95%
2
Apr 1974
Sep 1974
6 months
Jan 1975
4 months
10 months
-13.68%
3
Jul 1975
Sep 1975
3 months
Jan 1976
4 months
7 months
-8.42%
4
Oct 1978
Nov 1978
2 months
Jan 1979
2 months
4 months
-7.40%
5
Oct 1979
Oct 1979
1 month
Dec 1979
2 months
3 months
-6.67%
6
Jul 1973
Nov 1973
5 months
Jan 1974
2 months
7 months
-6.06%
7
Apr 1976
May 1976
2 months
Jun 1976
1 month
3 months
-1.83%
8
Jul 1976
Aug 1976
2 months
Sep 1976
1 month
3 months
-1.68%
9
Jan 1977
Jan 1977
1 month
Mar 1977
2 months
3 months
-1.68%
10
Sep 1972
Sep 1972
1 month
Nov 1972
2 months
3 months
-1.42%
Worst 10 drawdowns included above
Drawdowns for Portfolio 2
Drawdowns for Portfolio 2
Rank
Start
End
Length
Recovery By
Recovery Time
Underwater Period
Drawdown
1
Jan 1973
Sep 1974
1 year 9 months
Dec 1976
2 years 3 months
4 years
-45.86%
2
Mar 1980
Mar 1980
1 month
Jun 1980
3 months
4 months
-11.98%
3
Sep 1978
Oct 1978
2 months
Mar 1979
5 months
7 months
-11.64%
4
Jan 1977
Feb 1978
1 year 2 months
Apr 1978
2 months
1 year 4 months
-9.64%
5
Oct 1979
Oct 1979
1 month
Dec 1979
2 months
3 months
-7.22%
6
Dec 1980
Dec 1980
1 month
-3.48%
7
Jun 1972
Jul 1972
2 months
Aug 1972
1 month
3 months
-2.45%
8
May 1979
May 1979
1 month
Jun 1979
1 month
2 months
-1.35%
9
Jun 1978
Jun 1978
1 month
Jul 1978
1 month
2 months
-1.08%
10
Sep 1972
Sep 1972
1 month
Oct 1972
1 month
2 months
-0.74%
Drawdowns for Portfolio 3
Drawdowns for Portfolio 3 (worst 10)
Rank
Start
End
Length
Recovery By
Recovery Time
Underwater Period
Drawdown
1
Dec 1972
Sep 1974
1 year 10 months
Apr 1975
7 months
2 years 5 months
-15.78%
2
Feb 1980
Mar 1980
2 months
May 1980
2 months
4 months
-9.80%
3
Sep 1978
Oct 1978
2 months
Mar 1979
5 months
7 months
-7.81%
4
Sep 1979
Oct 1979
2 months
Jan 1980
3 months
5 months
-7.48%
5
Jul 1975
Sep 1975
3 months
Dec 1975
3 months
6 months
-6.12%
6
Jan 1977
Feb 1977
2 months
Jun 1977
4 months
6 months
-2.36%
7
Jul 1977
Oct 1977
4 months
Nov 1977
1 month
5 months
-2.31%
8
Aug 1980
Aug 1980
1 month
Nov 1980
3 months
4 months
-1.72%
9
Jan 1978
Jan 1978
1 month
Mar 1978
2 months
3 months
-1.61%
10
Jun 1972
Jul 1972
2 months
Oct 1972
3 months
5 months
-1.51%
Worst 10 drawdowns included above
Portfolio Assets
Performance statistics for portfolio components
Name
CAGR
Stdev
Best Year
Worst Year
Max Drawdown
Sharpe Ratio
Sortino Ratio
Market Correlation
US Stock Market
8.59%
17.16%
37.82%
-27.81%
-45.86%
0.15
0.22
1.00
US Small Cap Value
15.98%
21.28%
54.78%
-24.12%
-41.10%
0.47
0.74
0.89
Gold
33.58%
30.85%
126.55%
-24.80%
-44.24%
0.87
1.72
0.02
Intermediate Term Treasury
4.87%
7.00%
13.75%
1.04%
-10.70%
-0.30
-0.39
0.14
Portfolio Asset Performance
Performance of portfolio assets
Name
Total Return
Annualized Return
3 Month
Year To Date
1 year
3 year
5 year
US Stock Market
8.91%
33.15%
33.15%
21.51%
17.01%
US Small Cap Value
4.75%
25.77%
25.77%
27.38%
29.96%
Gold
-11.55%
15.19%
15.19%
52.91%
33.28%
Intermediate Term Treasury
0.53%
2.88%
2.88%
3.11%
4.73%
Trailing returns as of last calendar month ending December 1980
Monthly Correlations
Correlations for the portfolio assets
Name
US Stock Market
US Small Cap Value
Gold
Intermediate Term Treasury
Portfolio 1
Portfolio 2
Portfolio 3
US Stock Market
1.00
0.89
0.02
0.14
0.69
1.00
0.84
US Small Cap Value
0.89
1.00
-0.01
0.20
0.69
0.89
0.89
Gold
0.02
-0.01
1.00
0.01
0.65
0.02
0.01
Intermediate Term Treasury
0.14
0.20
0.01
1.00
0.37
0.14
0.60
Portfolio Return Decomposition
Portfolio return decomposition
Name
Portfolio 1
Portfolio 2
Portfolio 3
US Stock Market
$347,960
$689,894
$202,648
US Small Cap Value
$557,132
$349,486
Gold
$1,050,598
Intermediate Term Treasury
$244,052
$261,194
Return attribution decomposes portfolio gains into its constituent parts and identifies the contribution to returns by each of the assets.
Portfolio Risk Decomposition
Portfolio risk decomposition
Name
Portfolio 1
Portfolio 2
Portfolio 3
US Stock Market
22.81%
100.00%
31.52%
US Small Cap Value
28.49%
41.13%
Gold
38.61%
Intermediate Term Treasury
10.10%
27.35%
Risk attribution decomposes portfolio risk into its constituent parts and identifies the contribution to overall volatility by each of the assets.